Variability in the number of infraorbital foramina in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) and cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis )

Animal models are at the forefront of biomedical research for studies of viral transmission, vaccines, and pathogenesis, yetthe need for an ideal large animal model for COVID-19 remains. We used a meta-analysis to evaluate published data relevantto this need. Our literature survey contained 22 studies with data relevant to the incidence of common COVID-19 symptomsin rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), African green monkeys (Chlorocebusaethiops), and ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). Rhesus macaques had leukocytosis on Day 1 after inoculation and pneumonia on Days 7 and 14 after inoculation, in frequencies that were similar enough to humans to reject the null hypothesis of a Fisher exact test. However, the differences in overall presentation of disease were too different from that of humans to successfully identify any of these 4 species as an ideal large animal of COVID-19. The greatest limitation to the current study is a lack of standardization in experimentation and reporting. To expand our understanding of the pathology of COVID-19 and evaluate vaccine immunogenicity, we must extend the unprecedented collaboration that has arisen in the study of COVID-19 to include standardization of animal-based research in an effort to find the optimal animal model.

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Effects of transdermal mirtazapine on hyporexic rhesus and cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis )

Journal of Medical Primatology ◽

10.1111/jmp.12512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 128-133

Author(s):

Kriscelle A. Mendoza ◽

Diane E. Stockinger ◽

Mira J. Cukrov ◽

Jeffrey A. Roberts ◽

Granger G.C. Hwa

Keyword(s):

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Macaca Fascicularis ◽

Cynomolgus Macaques

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Pet Macaques in Vietnam: An NGO’s Perspective

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Brooke Catherine Aldrich ◽

David Neale

Keyword(s):

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Macaca Fascicularis ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Macaca Arctoides ◽

Pet Trade ◽

Governmental Organization ◽

Assamese Macaques ◽

Macaca Assamensis ◽

Recorded Data

In this article, we attempt to characterize the widespread trade in pet macaques in Vietnam. Data on confiscations as well as surrenders, releases, and individuals housed at rescue centers across Vietnam for 2015–2019 were opportunistically recorded. Data comparisons between Education for Nature Vietnam and three government-run wildlife rescue centers show that at least 1254 cases of macaque keeping occurred during the study period, including a minimum of 32 Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis), 158 long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), 291 Northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina), 65 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and 110 stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides). A minimum of 423 individuals were confiscated, and at least 490 individual macaques were released. Three semi-structured interviews were conducted with two key Animals Asia (a non-governmental organization) colleagues and their insights are presented. Although we recognize that the data included are limited and can serve only as a baseline for the scale of the macaque pet trade in Vietnam, we believe that they support our concern that the problem is significant and must be addressed. We stress the need for organizations and authorities to work together to better understand the issue. The keeping of macaques as pets is the cause of serious welfare and conservation issues in Vietnam.

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Ultrasound-guided, Transabdominal, Intrauterine Artificial Insemination for Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) Based on Estimated Timing of Ovulation

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science ◽

10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 125-132

Author(s):

Nobuhiro Shimozawa ◽

Naohide Ageyama ◽

Shunya Nakayama ◽

Hiroshi Koie ◽

Yasuhiro Yasutomi

Keyword(s):

Artificial Insemination ◽

Macaca Fascicularis ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Pregnancy Rates ◽

Cervical Canal ◽

Ultrasound Guided ◽

Cynomolgus Macaques

Intrauterine sperm injection for artificial insemination is difficult in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus macaques (M. mulatta) due to the complex structure of the cervical canal, which differs from that of humans. Despite the availability of several artificial insemination methods for macaques, pregnancy rates are inconsistent, and details regarding ovulation are unclear, thus warranting more effective methods. Therefore, we developed an effective, ultrasound-guided, transabdominal intrauterine artificial insemination method for cynomolgus macaques that involves timing sperm injection to coincide with the periovulation phase estimated according to rapid hormone measurement. We performed our intrauterine artificial insemination on 6 female macaques; 4 of the 5 animals that were predicted to have ovulated soon after insemination became pregnant, whereas the 1 macaque that was predicted not to have ovulated did not. Furthermore, we saw no evidence of injury, such as a conspicuous needle hole or bleeding on the surface of or inside the uterus, nor did our method result in any abnormalities in the mothers or their offspring. Thus, our ultrasound-guided, transabdominal, intrauterine artificial insemination method is rapid, safe, and effective in cynomolgus macaques.

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Distribution and present status of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Laos and their ecological relationship with rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Monkeys on the Edge ◽

10.1017/cbo9780511974434.005 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 72-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuzuru Hamada ◽

Hiroyuki Kurita ◽

Shunji Goto ◽

Yoshiki Morimitsu ◽

Suchinda Malaivijitnond ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Present Status ◽

Macaca Fascicularis ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Ecological Relationship

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Markers of hepatitis E among the population of the Greater Sochi and in monkeys of the Adler primate center

Voprosy Virusologii ◽

10.18821/0507-4088-2016-61-4-176-180 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 176-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. I. Korzaia ◽

V. V. Keburia ◽

D. I. Dogadov ◽

B. A. Lapin ◽

K. K. Kyuregyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Papio Hamadryas ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Papio Anubis ◽

Chlorocebus Aethiops ◽

Medical Institutions ◽

Cynomolgus Macaques ◽

Clinic Hospital

Serum from humans (n = 646) and monkeys (n = 1867) collected during the period 1999-2013 was tested by enzyme immunoassay. Anti-HEV IgG was detected significantly more frequently (P ≥ 0.001) in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) - 45.1 ± 1.6% (n = 1001) than in cynomolgus macaques (M. fascicularis) 16.2 ± 1.8% (n = 426). Single seropositive individuals were found among M. nemestrina - 4.0±2.8% (n = 50). Anti-HEV was not detected in the sera of green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) - n = 162, Papio hamadryas (n = 124), and Papio anubis - n = 104. The presence of the anti-HEV IgM indicating the cases of fresh infection in Macaca mulatta - 2.1 ± 0.5% (n = 717) and M. fascicularis - 3.5 ± 1.3% (n = 266) is of great significance. The overall frequency of detection of the anti-HEV IgG among the staff of the Adler Primate Center - 6.8 ± 2.3% (n = 118) was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) than among the population of the Greater Sochi - 15.9% ± 1.6 (n = 528). It is important that only in patients of medical institutions (clinic, hospital, cancer center), anti-HEV IgM were detected (2.7-11.8%) along with anti-HEV IgG (15-23.5%), thereby indicating the presence of acute cases of HEV infection among this population. HEV RNA was not detected in the serum of anti-HEV IgM-positive people and monkeys. Seroepidemiological data do not confirm the assumption on the ability of seropositive monkeys of Macaca genus to be a natural reservoir of HEV infection for humans.

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