The Effect of Stereoscopic Augmented Reality Visualization on Learning Anatomy and the Modifying Effect of Visual‐Spatial Abilities: A Double‐Center Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Background As the primary treatment for adhesive capsulitis, intensive and accurate home exercise is as important as physical therapy in hospitals. Augmented reality (AR)-based telerehabilitation has been implemented recently in various musculoskeletal conditions to increase patient compliance and enable patients to exercise with the correct posture. The objective of this study is to present a protocol for investigating the additive effect of interactive AR-based telerehabilitation in comparison with the usual care for patients with adhesive capsulitis. Methods This study presents the protocol of a prospective, multi-center, single-blinded, two-armed randomized controlled trial (RCT). One hundred patients with stage I or II adhesive capsulitis will be recruited at the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic. Patients will be randomly divided into two groups with 1:1 allocation. The intervention group will receive 3 months of hospital-based physical therapy in conjunction with home-based telerehabilitation. The control group will receive 3 months of hospital-based physical therapy in conjunction with a home-based exercise described in a brochure provided by the hospital. The primary outcome will be the change in passive range of motion (ROM) of the affected shoulder joint from baseline to 12 weeks after baseline assessment. The secondary outcomes will be active ROM, pain measured with the numeric rating scale, shoulder pain and disability index, 36-Item Short Form Survey, EuroQoL-5D-5L, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Discussion This will be the first RCT study protocol to investigate the effect of telerehabilitation in patients with adhesive capsulitis. The result of this RCT will determine whether AR-based telerehabilitation is more effective than a brochure-based home exercise program and will provide evidence of the usefulness of “telerehabilitation” using hardware (IoT) and software (monitoring platform) technologies to develop “digital therapeutics” for the future. Trial registration This trial was retrospectively registered at the Clinicaltrials.gov website on 20 March 2020, with the identifier NCT04316130.

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Augmented Reality Guidance for Needle Biopsies: A Randomized, Controlled Trial in Phantoms

Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2001 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/3-540-45468-3_29 ◽

2001 ◽

pp. 240-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Michael Rosenthal ◽

Andrei State ◽

Joohi Lee ◽

Gentaro Hirota ◽

Jeremy Ackerman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Augmented Reality ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Effectiveness of a smartphone-based, augmented reality exposure app to reduce fear of spiders in real-life: a randomized controlled trial

10.31219/osf.io/cjrgk ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anja Zimmer ◽

Nan Wang ◽

Merle Ibach ◽

Bernhard Fehlmann ◽

Nathalie Schicktanz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Augmented Reality ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Real Life ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Distress Scale

Although in vivo exposure therapy is highly effective in the treatment of specific phobias, only a minority of patients seeks therapy. Exposure to virtual objects has been shown to be better tolerated, equally efficacious, but the technology has not been made widely accessible yet. We developed an augmented reality (AR) application (app) to reduce fear of spiders and performed a randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of our app (six 30-min sessions at home over a two-week period) with no intervention. Primary outcome was subjective fear, measured by a Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) in a Behavioural Approach Test (BAT) in a real-life spider situation at six weeks follow-up. Between Oct 7, 2019, and Dec 6, 2019, 66 individuals were enrolled and randomized. The intervention led to significantly lower subjective fear in the BAT compared to the control group (intervention group, baseline: 7·12 [SD 2·03] follow-up: 5·03 [SD 2·19] vs. control group, baseline: 7·06 [SD 2·34], follow-up 6·24 [SD 2.21]; adjusted group difference -1·24, 95% CI -2·17 to -0·31; Cohen’s d=0·57, p=0·01). The repeated use of the AR app reduces subjective fear in a real-life spider situation, providing a low-threshold and low-cost treatment for fear of spiders.

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Does An Augmented Reality-based Portable Navigation System Improve the Accuracy of Acetabular Component Orientation During THA? A Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research ◽

10.1097/corr.0000000000001083 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 478 (5) ◽

pp. 935-943 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Ogawa ◽

Kenji Kurosaka ◽

Atsuko Sato ◽

Naoyuki Hirasawa ◽

Masaaki Matsubara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Augmented Reality ◽

Acetabular Component ◽

Navigation System ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Portable Navigation ◽

Component Orientation

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Augmented reality guidance for needle biopsies: An initial randomized, controlled trial in phantoms††A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) 2001 conference in Utrecht. The Netherlands (Rosenthal et al., 2001)

Medical Image Analysis ◽

10.1016/s1361-8415(02)00088-9 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 313-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Michael Rosenthal ◽

Andrei State ◽

Joohi Lee ◽

Gentaro Hirota ◽

Jeremy Ackerman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Augmented Reality ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Medical Image ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Preliminary Version ◽

Medical Image Computing

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Traditional and augmented reality mirror therapy for patients with chronic phantom limb pain (PACT study): results of a three-group, multicentre single-blind randomized controlled trial

Clinical Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/0269215518785948 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (12) ◽

pp. 1591-1608 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Andreas Rothgangel ◽

Susy Braun ◽

Bjorn Winkens ◽

Anna Beurskens ◽

Rob Smeets

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Augmented Reality ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Phantom Limb Pain ◽

Phantom Limb ◽

Mirror Therapy ◽

Limb Pain ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Study Results ◽

Patient Reported

Objective: To compare the effects of traditional mirror therapy (MT), a patient-centred teletreatment (PACT) and sensomotor exercises without a mirror on phantom limb pain (PLP). Design: Three-arm multicentre randomized controlled trial. Setting: Rehabilitation centres, hospital and private practices. Subjects: Adult patients with unilateral lower limb amputation and average PLP intensity of at least 3 on the 0–10 Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Interventions: Subjects randomly received either four weeks of traditional MT followed by a teletreatment using augmented reality MT, traditional MT followed by self-delivered MT or sensomotor exercises of the intact limb without a mirror followed by self-delivered exercises. Main measures: Intensity, frequency and duration of PLP and patient-reported outcomes assessing limitations in daily life at baseline, 4 weeks, 10 weeks and 6 months. Results: In total, 75 patients received traditional MT ( n = 25), teletreatment ( n = 26) or sensomotor exercises ( n = 24). Mean (SD) age was 61.1 (14.2) years and mean (SD) pain intensity was 5.7 (2.1) on the NRS. Effects of MT at four weeks on PLP were not significant. MT significantly reduced the duration of PLP at six months compared to the teletreatment ( P = 0.050) and control group ( P = 0.019). Subgroup analyses suggested significant effects on PLP in women, patients with telescoping and patients with a motor component in PLP. The teletreatment had no additional effects compared to self-delivered MT at 10 weeks and 6 months. Conclusion: Traditional MT over four weeks was not more effective than sensomotor exercises without a mirror in reducing PLP, although significant effects were suggested in some subgroups.

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