scholarly journals Reduced Proactive Control Processes Associated With Behavioral Response Inhibition Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon E. Kelly ◽  
Lauren M. Schmitt ◽  
John A. Sweeney ◽  
Matthew W. Mosconi
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Proactive Control ◽  
Control Processes

scholarly journals Effects of multisensory integration processes on response inhibition in adolescent autism spectrum disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (13) ◽  
pp. 2705-2716 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. X. Chmielewski ◽  
N. Wolff ◽  
M. Mückschel ◽  
V. Roessner ◽  
C. Beste
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Multisensory Input ◽  
Multisensory Information

BackgroundIn everyday life it is often required to integrate multisensory input to successfully conduct response inhibition (RI) and thus major executive control processes. Both RI and multisensory processes have been suggested to be altered in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is, however, unclear which neurophysiological processes relate to changes in RI in ASD and in how far these processes are affected by possible multisensory integration deficits in ASD.MethodCombining high-density EEG recordings with source localization analyses, we examined a group of adolescent ASD patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20) using a novel RI task.ResultsCompared to controls, RI processes are generally compromised in adolescent ASD. This aggravation of RI processes is modulated by the content of multisensory information. The neurophysiological data suggest that deficits in ASD emerge in attentional selection and resource allocation processes related to occipito-parietal and middle frontal regions. Most importantly, conflict monitoring subprocesses during RI were specifically modulated by content of multisensory information in the superior frontal gyrus.ConclusionsRI processes are overstrained in adolescent ASD, especially when conflicting multisensory information has to be integrated to perform RI. It seems that the content of multisensory input is important to consider in ASD and its effects on cognitive control processes.

scholarly journals Familiality of behavioral flexibility and response inhibition deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Schmitt ◽  
Erin Bojanek ◽  
Stormi P. White ◽  
Michael E. Ragozzino ◽  
Edwin H. Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

Abstract Background Diminished cognitive control, including reduced behavioral flexibility and behavioral response inhibition, has been repeatedly documented in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We evaluated behavioral flexibility and response inhibition in probands and their parents using a family trio design to determine the extent to which these cognitive control impairments represent familial traits associated with ASD. Methods We examined 66 individuals with ASD (probands), 135 unaffected biological parents, and 76 typically developing controls. Participants completed a probabilistic reversal learning task (PRL) and a stop-signal task (SST) to assess behavioral flexibility and response inhibition respectively. Rates of PRL and SST errors were examined across groups, within families, and in relation to clinical and subclinical traits of ASD. Based on prior findings that subclinical broader autism phenotypic (BAP) traits may co-segregate within families and reflect heritable risk factors, we also examined whether cognitive control deficits were more prominent in families in which parents showed BAP features (BAP+). Results Probands and parents each showed increased rates of PRL and SST errors relative to controls. Error rates across tasks were not related. SST error rates inter-correlated among probands and their parents. PRL errors were more severe in BAP+ parents and their children relative to BAP− parents and their children. For probands of BAP+ parents, PRL and SST error rates were associated with more severe social-communication abnormalities and repetitive behaviors, respectively. Conclusion Reduced behavioral flexibility and response inhibition are present among probands and their unaffected parents, but represent unique familial deficits associated with ASD that track with separate clinical issues. Specifically, behavioral response inhibition impairments are familial in ASD and manifest independently from parental subclinical features. In contrast, behavioral flexibility deficits are selectively present in families with BAP characteristics, suggesting they co-segregate in families with parental subclinical social, communication, and rigid personality traits. Together, these findings provide evidence that behavioral flexibility and response inhibition impairments track differentially with ASD risk mechanisms and related behavioral traits.

scholarly journals Alpha connectivity and inhibitory control in adults with autism spectrum disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Yuk ◽  
Benjamin T. Dunkley ◽  
Evdokia Anagnostou ◽  
Margot J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Adults With Asd

Abstract Background Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often report difficulties with inhibition in everyday life. During inhibition tasks, adults with ASD show reduced activation of and connectivity between brain areas implicated in inhibition, suggesting impairments in inhibitory control at the neural level. Our study further investigated these differences by using magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine the frequency band(s) in which functional connectivity underlying response inhibition occurs, as brain functions are frequency specific, and whether connectivity in certain frequency bands differs between adults with and without ASD. Methods We analysed MEG data from 40 adults with ASD (27 males; 26.94 ± 6.08 years old) and 39 control adults (27 males; 27.29 ± 5.94 years old) who performed a Go/No-go task. The task involved two blocks with different proportions of No-go trials: Inhibition (25% No-go) and Vigilance (75% No-go). We compared whole-brain connectivity in the two groups during correct No-go trials in the Inhibition vs. Vigilance blocks between 0 and 400 ms. Results Despite comparable performance on the Go/No-go task, adults with ASD showed reduced connectivity compared to controls in the alpha band (8–14 Hz) in a network with a main hub in the right inferior frontal gyrus. Decreased connectivity in this network predicted more self-reported difficulties on a measure of inhibition in everyday life. Limitations Measures of everyday inhibitory control were not available for all participants, so this relationship between reduced network connectivity and inhibitory control abilities may not be necessarily representative of all adults with ASD or the larger ASD population. Further research with independent samples of adults with ASD, including those with a wider range of cognitive abilities, would be valuable. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate reduced functional brain connectivity during response inhibition in adults with ASD. As alpha-band synchrony has been linked to top-down control mechanisms, we propose that the lack of alpha synchrony observed in our ASD group may reflect difficulties in suppressing task-irrelevant information, interfering with inhibition in real-life situations.

scholarly journals Proactive control as a double-edged sword in autism spectrum disorder.

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Hogeveen ◽  
Marie K. Krug ◽  
Matthew V. Elliott ◽  
Cameron S. Carter ◽  
Marjorie Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Proactive Control

scholarly journals A Review of Executive Functions in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Carmen Berenguer ◽  
Belen Rosello ◽  
Geraldine Leader
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorders. Literature has shown different patterns of deficits in executive functioning in children with ASD and ADHD. To date few studies have examined executive functions in both ASD and ADHD and with mixed results.The current study provides the first systematic review to explore distinct executive function components (attention problems, response inhibition, working memory, planning and flexibility) that underlie the specific deficits seen in children and adolescents with both ASD and ADHD disorders. Findings provide evidence for executive dysfunctions across different key components such as attention, response inhibition and verbal working memory in children and adolescents with ASD and comorbid ADHD clinical symptoms. This research explores the neurocognitive profile of the comorbid condition, which is also critical for designing appropriate interventions.

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