Life cycle analysis of corn‐stover‐derived polymer‐grade l‐lactic acid and ethyl lactate: greenhouse gas emissions and fossil energy consumption

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix K. Adom ◽  
Jennifer B. Dunn
Robotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Florian Stuhlenmiller ◽  
Steffi Weyand ◽  
Jens Jungblut ◽  
Liselotte Schebek ◽  
Debora Clever ◽  
...  

Modern industry benefits from the automation capabilities and flexibility of robots. Consequently, the performance depends on the individual task, robot and trajectory, while application periods of several years lead to a significant impact of the use phase on the resource efficiency. In this work, simulation models predicting a robot’s energy consumption are extended by an estimation of the reliability, enabling the consideration of maintenance to enhance the assessment of the application’s life cycle costs. Furthermore, a life cycle assessment yields the greenhouse gas emissions for the individual application. Potential benefits of the combination of motion simulation and cost analysis are highlighted by the application to an exemplary system. For the selected application, the consumed energy has a distinct impact on greenhouse gas emissions, while acquisition costs govern life cycle costs. Low cycle times result in reduced costs per workpiece, however, for short cycle times and higher payloads, the probability of required spare parts distinctly increases for two critical robotic joints. Hence, the analysis of energy consumption and reliability, in combination with maintenance, life cycle costing and life cycle assessment, can provide additional information to improve the resource efficiency.


2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierk de Jong ◽  
Kay Antonissen ◽  
Ric Hoefnagels ◽  
Laura Lonza ◽  
Michael Wang ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (24) ◽  
pp. 13184-13194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kavvada ◽  
Arpad Horvath ◽  
Jennifer R. Stokes-Draut ◽  
Thomas P. Hendrickson ◽  
William A. Eisenstein ◽  
...  

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