Further examination of the effects of order of stimulus presentation on receptive discrimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-433
Author(s):  
Yanerys Leon ◽  
Claudia Campos ◽  
Alexa Suarez ◽  
Jina Salama ◽  
Krista Balsimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Receptive Discrimination

A Study on Assisting System for Inputting Character using NIRS by the Stimulus Presentation Method of Bit Form

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (10) ◽  
pp. 328-336
Author(s):  
Kaori Goto ◽  
Tadanobu Misawa ◽  
Tetsuya Shimokawa ◽  
Shigeki Hirobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Presentation Method

Sensory evidence integration and action initiation occur in parallel during perceptual decisions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluís Hernández-Navarro ◽  
Ainhoa Hermoso-Mendizabal ◽  
Daniel Duque ◽  
Alexandre Hyafil ◽  
Jaime de la Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Action Preparation ◽  
Action Model ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Evidence Integration ◽  
Action Initiation

It is commonly assumed that, during perceptual decisions, the brain integrates stimulus evidence until reaching a decision, and then performs the response. There are conditions, however (e.g. time pressure), in which the initiation of the response must be prepared in anticipation of the stimulus presentation. It is therefore not clear when the timing and the choice of perceptual responses depend exclusively on evidence accumulation, or when preparatory motor signals may interfere with this process. Here, we find that, in a free reaction time auditory discrimination task in rats, the timing of fast responses does not depend on the stimulus, although the choices do, suggesting a decoupling of the mechanisms of action initiation and choice selection. This behavior is captured by a novel model, the Parallel Sensory Integration and Action Model (PSIAM), in which response execution is triggered whenever one of two processes, Action Initiation or Evidence Accumulation, reaches a bound, while choice category is always set by the latter. Based on this separation, the model accurately predicts the distribution of reaction times when the stimulus is omitted, advanced or delayed. Furthermore, we show that changes in Action Initiation mediates both post-error slowing and a gradual slowing of the responses within each session. Overall, these results extend the standard models of perceptual decision-making, and shed a new light on the interaction between action preparation and evidence accumulation.

Action processing in the motor system: TMS evidence of shared mechanisms in the visual and linguistic modalities.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Gianelli ◽  
Katharina Kühne ◽  
Silvia Mencaraglia ◽  
Riccardo Dalla Volta
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
First Dorsal Interosseous ◽  
Action Processing ◽  
Abductor Digiti Minimi ◽  
Hand Action

In two experiments, we compared the dynamics of corticospinal excitability when processing visually or linguistically presented tool-oriented hand actions in native speakers and sequential bilinguals. In a third experiment we used the same procedure to test non-motor, low-level stimuli, i.e. scrambled images and pseudo-words. Stimuli were presented in sequence: pictures (tool + tool-oriented hand action or their scrambled counterpart) and words (tool noun + tool-action verb or pseudo-words). Experiment 1 presented German linguistic stimuli to native speakers, while Experiment 2 presented English stimuli to non-natives. Experiment 3 tested Italian native speakers. Single-pulse trascranial brain stimulation (spTMS) was applied to the left motor cortex at five different timings: baseline, 200ms after tool/noun onset, 150, 350 and 500ms after hand/verb onset with motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles.We report strong similarities in the dynamics of corticospinal excitability across the visual and linguistic modalities. MEPs’ suppression started as early as 150ms and lasted for the duration of stimulus presentation (500ms). Moreover, we show that this modulation is absent for stimuli with no motor content. Overall, our study supports the notion of a core, overarching system of action semantics shared by different modalities.

scholarly journals Eliciting and Recording Event Related Potentials (ERPs) in Behaviourally Unresponsive Populations: A Retrospective Commentary on Critical Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Alexander Rokos ◽  
Richard Mah ◽  
Rober Boshra ◽  
Amabilis Harrison ◽  
Tsee Leng Choy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Relationship

A consistent limitation when designing event-related potential paradigms and interpreting results is a lack of consideration of the multivariate factors that affect their elicitation and detection in behaviorally unresponsive individuals. This paper provides a retrospective commentary on three factors that influence the presence and morphology of long-latency event-related potentials—the P3b and N400. We analyze event-related potentials derived from electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected from small groups of healthy youth and healthy elderly to illustrate the effect of paradigm strength and subject age; we analyze ERPs collected from an individual with severe traumatic brain injury to illustrate the effect of stimulus presentation speed. Based on these critical factors, we support that: (1) the strongest paradigms should be used to elicit event-related potentials in unresponsive populations; (2) interpretation of event-related potential results should account for participant age; and (3) speed of stimulus presentation should be slower in unresponsive individuals. The application of these practices when eliciting and recording event-related potentials in unresponsive individuals will help to minimize result interpretation ambiguity, increase confidence in conclusions, and advance the understanding of the relationship between long-latency event-related potentials and states of consciousness.

Odour Memory and Odour Hedonics in Children

Perception ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Hvastja ◽  
Lucia Zanuttini
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Test ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Olfactory Memory ◽  
Rapid Decay ◽  
Memory Decay ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli

The characteristics of olfactory memory during development were investigated and the hypothesis that the pleasantness of smells may be affected by previous associations with pleasant or unpleasant objects or events was tested. This type of emotional memory was compared in the immediate and long-term recognition of olfactory stimuli. Children from three different age groups (mean ages: 6 years 6 months; 8 years 9 months; and 10 years 5 months) were subdivided into two groups. One group was presented with six different odours, each with a slide depicting a pleasant picture. The other group was presented with the odours accompanied by unpleasant pictures. Immediately after stimulus presentation the subjects underwent a recognition test. One month later the subjects underwent a second recognition test, at the end of which they were required to give an evaluation of the pleasantness of each odour on a nine-point scale. At no age level did the pictures matched to the odours affect the recognition score. Olfactory memory varied with age, chiefly because memory decay increased with age, perhaps because of greater proactive interference. With increasing age more rapid decay was set against better immediate recognition. The hypothesis that the hedonic characteristics of odours are partially learned and are affected by events experienced in other modalities was supported.

scholarly journals Deepened extinction following compound stimulus presentation: Noradrenergic modulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Janak ◽  
L. H. Corbit
Keyword(s):  
Compound Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Noradrenergic Modulation

Judgment of Temporal Duration of Stimulus Components in a Spatial Sequence

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-623
Author(s):  
Suchoon S. Mo ◽  
Michael D. Blaszcszack ◽  
Kathleen Ward
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Temporal Duration ◽  
Monotonically Increasing Function ◽  
Increasing Function

Judgment of the duration of the stimulus components of tri-grams consisting of consonants was a monotonically increasing function of the letter positions in the sequence of left to right. This tendency was more clearly demonstrated when the frequency of the stimulus presentation exceeded the frequency of the presentation of the stimulus components.

scholarly journals Does erotic stimulus presentation design affect brain activation patterns? Event-related vs. blocked fMRI designs

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Bühler ◽  
Sabine Vollstädt-Klein ◽  
Jane Klemen ◽  
Michael N Smolka
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activation ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Erotic Stimulus

Effects of visual and tactual stimulus presentation on learning two-choice patterned and semirandom sequences.

1975 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 736-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan K. Manning ◽  
Paula E. Pasquali ◽  
Carole A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Presentation
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