Confinement and Pseudoscalar Glueball Spectrum in the 2 + 1D QCD-Like Theory from the Non-Susy D2 Brane

We study two important properties of 2+1D QCD, namely confinement and Pseudoscalar glueball spectrum, using holographic approach. The confined state of the bounded quark-antiquark pair occurs in the self-coupling dominated nonperturbative regime, where the free gluons form the bound states, known as glueballs. The gauge theory corresponding to low energy decoupled geometry of isotropic non-supersymmetric D2 brane, which is again similar to the 2+1D YM theory, has been taken into account but in this case the coupling constant is found to vary with the energy scale. At BPS limit, this theory reduces to supersymmetric YM theory. We have considered NG action of a test string and calculate the potential of such confined state located on the boundary. The QCD flux tube tension for large quark-antiquark separation is observed to be a monotonically increasing function of running coupling. The mass spectrum of Pseudoscalar glueball is evaluated numerically from the fluctuations of the axion in the gravity theory using WKB approximation. This produces the mass to be related to the string tension and the levels of the first three energy states. The various results that we obtained quite match with those previously studied through the lattice approach.

Central Diagonal Sections of the n-Cube

We prove that the volume of central hyperplane sections of a unit cube in $\mathbb{R}^n$ orthogonal to a main diagonal of the cube is a strictly monotonically increasing function of the dimension for $n\geq 3$. Our argument uses an integral formula that goes back to Pólya [ 20] (see also [ 14] and [ 3]) for the volume of central sections of the cube and Laplace’s method to estimate the asymptotic behavior of the integral. First, we show that monotonicity holds starting from some specific $n_0$. Then, using interval arithmetic and automatic differentiation, we compute an explicit bound for $n_0$ and check the remaining cases between $3$ and $n_0$ by direct computation.

Supply Chain Decision-Making Based on Warehouse Receipt Pledge and Risk Consideration under Twice Ordering Mode

This paper studies supply chain decisions making between the retailer, supplier, and bank based on warehouse receipt pledge and risk consideration under twice ordering mode. The decentralized supply chain and centralized supply chain are divided by whether the supplier provides repurchase guarantees and whether the retailer offers revenue sharing. We develop a Stackelberg game model to analyze the influential mechanism among various actors and use the method of downside risk control to discuss the bank’s expected loss and the optimal loan pledge ratio. We carry out a simulation analysis, and the result is shown as follows: (i) either for decentralized or centralized supply chain, the retailer’s optimal order quantity and the optimal proportion that the number of goods pledged by the retailer’s twice ordering accounts for the number of first-ordering goods are all unique; (ii) the bank’s loan pledge ratio is a monotonically increasing function of disposal value of the unit remaining commodity; (iii) for centralized supply chain, the bank’s loan pledge ratio is the monotonically increasing function of repurchase ratio and wholesale price provided by the supplier, respectively; (iv) in the decentralized supply chain, the supplier’s return mainly comes from the wholesale revenue and is positively related to the wholesale volume and wholesale price; in the centralized supply chain, the supplier’s return is mainly from the retailer’s revenue sharing.

THE EXCEPTIONAL SETS ON THE RUN-LENGTH FUNCTION OF β-EXPANSIONS

Let [Formula: see text] and the run-length function [Formula: see text] be the maximal length of consecutive zeros amongst the first [Formula: see text] digits in the [Formula: see text]-expansion of [Formula: see text]. The exceptional set [Formula: see text] is investigated, where [Formula: see text] is a monotonically increasing function with [Formula: see text]. We prove that the set [Formula: see text] is either empty or of full Hausdorff dimension and residual in [Formula: see text] according to the increasing rate of [Formula: see text].

Full-Spectrum k-Distribution Model for Radiation in Gas Based on Multi-Group Methods

The k-distribution method applied in narrow band and wide band is extended to the full spectrum based on spectroscopic datebase HITEMP, educing the full-spectrum k-distribution model. Absorption coefficents in this model are reordered into a smooth,monotonically increasing function such that the intensity calculations are performed only once for each absorption coefficent value and the resulting computations are immensely more efficent.Accuracy of this model is examined for cases ranging from homogeneous one-dimensional carbon dioxide to inhomogeneous ones with simultaneous variations in temperature. Comparision with line-by-line calculations (LBL) and narrow-band k-distribution (NBK) method as well as wide-band k-distribution (WBK) method shows that the full-spectrum k-distribution model is exact for homogeneous media, although the errors are greater than the other two models. After dividing the absorption coefficients into several groups according to their temperature dependence, the full-spectrum k-distribution model achieves line-by-line accuracy for gases inhomogeneous in temperature, accompanied by lower computational expense as compared to NBK model or WBK model. It is worth noting that a new grouping scheme is provided in this paper.

Conditional Tsallis Entropy

In this paper, the conditional Tsallis entropy is defined on the basis of the conditional Renyi entropy. Regarding the fact that Renyi entropy is the monotonically increasing function of Tsallis entropy, a relationship has also been presented between the joint Tsallis entropy and conditional Tsallis entropy.

Thermodynamic Performance of an Actual Thermo-Acoustic Refrigeration Micro-Cycle

Thermo-acoustic refrigerator is a new type of engine, which is based on the thermo-acoustic effect. A new model which expresses as an ellipse in pressure-volume diagram is established to investigate the thermodynamic performance of an actual thermo-acoustic refrigeration micro-cycle. The demarcation points of endothermic processes and exothermic processes in the actual micro-cycle are found. The analytic expressions of the dimensionless cooling load and the coefficient of performance (COP) are deduced. The relationship between the dimensionless cooling load and the COP are investigated by numerical examples. The results show that the dimensionless cooling load is a monotonically increasing function of the COP and the pressure amplitude.

THE THERMOPOWER IN SEMICONDUCTING THIN FILMS WITH NONPARABOLIC ENERGY BAND

In the present work, the in-plane electron thermopower of semiconducting size-quantized films with nonparabolic energy band in a classically strong magnetic field, which is parallel to the film normal, are investigated. It was shown that, for the degenerate electron gas thermopower is a function of film thickness and electron density: for arbitrary thickness thermopower is oscillating function, with the period as a function of concentration, but with respect to concentration thermopower is monotonically increasing function. It is shown that in the case of ultrathin films (quantum wells) thermopower increases, as thickness decreases. This result is in agreement with the experimental dates on GaAs quantum wells.

Ice-shelf buttressing and the stability of marine ice sheets

Ice-shelf buttressing and the stability of marine-type ice sheets is investigated numerically. Buttressing effects are analysed for a situation where a stable grounding line is located on a bed sloping upwards in the direction of flow. Such grounding-line positions are known to be unconditionally unstable in the absence of transverse flow variations. It is shown that ice-shelf buttressing effects are responsible for restoring stability. Ice flux at the grounding line is, in general, not a monotonically increasing function of ice thickness. This, at first sight possibly somewhat counterintuitive result, is found to be fully consistent with recent theoretical work.

Managing Complex Technology Innovation

R&D management practices in engineering organizations typically conceptualize complex product innovation as a Stage-Gate process whereby novel concepts are matured through successions of development stages and progressively winnowed down at each sequential gate. This view assumes that maturity is a monotonically increasing function of the technology, and that the active process of winnowing is administrative decisions. This paper tests those assumptions using detailed evidence from six longitudinal case studies of technology innovation at NASA.