A Study on Assisting System for Inputting Character using NIRS by the Stimulus Presentation Method of Bit Form

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (10) ◽  
pp. 328-336
Author(s):  
Kaori Goto ◽  
Tadanobu Misawa ◽  
Tetsuya Shimokawa ◽  
Shigeki Hirobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Presentation Method

Short-Term Intake Functions for Sucrose in Developmentally Retarded Children

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey N. Switzky
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Single Stimulus ◽  
Sucrose Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Presentation Method ◽  
Human Adults

Short-term (5 min.) intake functions for sucrose were determined for 11 brain-damaged, developmentally retarded children using the single-stimulus-presentation method. Sucrose intake was a decreasing function of concentration. Water intake was equal to or greater than the greatest intake of any concentration of sucrose. These intake functions lacked the ascending limb of intake functions for water and weak concentrations of sucrose which are found in other animal species and in human adults. Evidence supports the notion that severely developmencally retarded children are not ageusic but can discriminate between various concentrations of sucrose and water.

GAYA BICARA PADA STAF PENGAJAR JURUSAN AKUNTANSI POLITEKNIK NEGERI SEMARANG DI DALAM KEGIATAN PROSES BELAJAR MENGAJAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Pandiya Pandiya Pandiya ◽  
Nurul Hamida Hamida
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Applied Method ◽  
Presentation Method ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Speaking Style

This study aims to determine the extent to which the teaching staff in the Semarang State Polytechnic Accounting Department applies a style of speech; i.e. either oratory, deliberative, consultative, relaxed, or intimate. The data collection is done by questionnaire and class observation. The population of this study consists of teaching staff at the Semarang State Polytechnic Accounting Department. The data is more qualitative, which is more in the form of a description of the characteristics of the respondents and not much related to the numbers. Sampling technique is done by population, namely all teaching staff of Semarang State Polytechnic Accounting Department. Data analysis is carried out by a Likert Scale of 5. The results indicate that Consultative Speech is the style most widely applied by the Teaching Staff of the Semarang State Polytechnic Accounting Department, while the oratoric speaking style is the least practiced style. Extemporan presentation method is the most widely applied method in the activities of the Teaching and Learning Process in the Semarang State Polytechnic Accounting Department, while the impromptu method is the least applied method. The most widely used body language is a smile, while eye flicker is the least applied body language. The distance between the Teaching Staff and Students in the Teaching and Learning Process activities that are most widely applied are groups (125-350 cm), while the least applied distance is intimate (50 cm). The results of this study support the previous research that the use of Body Language greatly affects the success of the Teaching and Learning process.

Sensory evidence integration and action initiation occur in parallel during perceptual decisions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluís Hernández-Navarro ◽  
Ainhoa Hermoso-Mendizabal ◽  
Daniel Duque ◽  
Alexandre Hyafil ◽  
Jaime de la Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Action Preparation ◽  
Action Model ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Evidence Integration ◽  
Action Initiation

It is commonly assumed that, during perceptual decisions, the brain integrates stimulus evidence until reaching a decision, and then performs the response. There are conditions, however (e.g. time pressure), in which the initiation of the response must be prepared in anticipation of the stimulus presentation. It is therefore not clear when the timing and the choice of perceptual responses depend exclusively on evidence accumulation, or when preparatory motor signals may interfere with this process. Here, we find that, in a free reaction time auditory discrimination task in rats, the timing of fast responses does not depend on the stimulus, although the choices do, suggesting a decoupling of the mechanisms of action initiation and choice selection. This behavior is captured by a novel model, the Parallel Sensory Integration and Action Model (PSIAM), in which response execution is triggered whenever one of two processes, Action Initiation or Evidence Accumulation, reaches a bound, while choice category is always set by the latter. Based on this separation, the model accurately predicts the distribution of reaction times when the stimulus is omitted, advanced or delayed. Furthermore, we show that changes in Action Initiation mediates both post-error slowing and a gradual slowing of the responses within each session. Overall, these results extend the standard models of perceptual decision-making, and shed a new light on the interaction between action preparation and evidence accumulation.

Action processing in the motor system: TMS evidence of shared mechanisms in the visual and linguistic modalities.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Gianelli ◽  
Katharina Kühne ◽  
Silvia Mencaraglia ◽  
Riccardo Dalla Volta
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
First Dorsal Interosseous ◽  
Action Processing ◽  
Abductor Digiti Minimi ◽  
Hand Action

In two experiments, we compared the dynamics of corticospinal excitability when processing visually or linguistically presented tool-oriented hand actions in native speakers and sequential bilinguals. In a third experiment we used the same procedure to test non-motor, low-level stimuli, i.e. scrambled images and pseudo-words. Stimuli were presented in sequence: pictures (tool + tool-oriented hand action or their scrambled counterpart) and words (tool noun + tool-action verb or pseudo-words). Experiment 1 presented German linguistic stimuli to native speakers, while Experiment 2 presented English stimuli to non-natives. Experiment 3 tested Italian native speakers. Single-pulse trascranial brain stimulation (spTMS) was applied to the left motor cortex at five different timings: baseline, 200ms after tool/noun onset, 150, 350 and 500ms after hand/verb onset with motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles.We report strong similarities in the dynamics of corticospinal excitability across the visual and linguistic modalities. MEPs’ suppression started as early as 150ms and lasted for the duration of stimulus presentation (500ms). Moreover, we show that this modulation is absent for stimuli with no motor content. Overall, our study supports the notion of a core, overarching system of action semantics shared by different modalities.

scholarly journals Eliciting and Recording Event Related Potentials (ERPs) in Behaviourally Unresponsive Populations: A Retrospective Commentary on Critical Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Alexander Rokos ◽  
Richard Mah ◽  
Rober Boshra ◽  
Amabilis Harrison ◽  
Tsee Leng Choy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Relationship

A consistent limitation when designing event-related potential paradigms and interpreting results is a lack of consideration of the multivariate factors that affect their elicitation and detection in behaviorally unresponsive individuals. This paper provides a retrospective commentary on three factors that influence the presence and morphology of long-latency event-related potentials—the P3b and N400. We analyze event-related potentials derived from electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected from small groups of healthy youth and healthy elderly to illustrate the effect of paradigm strength and subject age; we analyze ERPs collected from an individual with severe traumatic brain injury to illustrate the effect of stimulus presentation speed. Based on these critical factors, we support that: (1) the strongest paradigms should be used to elicit event-related potentials in unresponsive populations; (2) interpretation of event-related potential results should account for participant age; and (3) speed of stimulus presentation should be slower in unresponsive individuals. The application of these practices when eliciting and recording event-related potentials in unresponsive individuals will help to minimize result interpretation ambiguity, increase confidence in conclusions, and advance the understanding of the relationship between long-latency event-related potentials and states of consciousness.

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