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Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is present in numerous body fluids in addition to initiates generally from blood cells. It
is undoubtedly the utmost promising tool among all components of liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsy is a specialized method
investigating the nonsolid biological tissue by revealing of circulating cells, cell free DNA etc. that enter body fluids. Since,
cancer cells disengage from compact tumors circulate in peripheral blood, evaluating blood of cancer patients holds the
opportunities for capture and molecular level analysis of various tumor-derived constituents. Cell free DNA samples can
deliver a significant perceptions into oncology, for instance tumor heterogeneity, instantaneous tumor development,
response to therapy and treatment, comprising immunotherapy and mechanisms of cancer metastasis. Malignant growth at
any phase can outhouse tumor cells in addition to fragments of neoplasticity causing DNA into circulatory system giving
noble sign of mutation in the tumor at sampling time. Liquid biopsy distinguishes diverse blood based evolving biomarkers
comprising circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or cfDNA, circulating RNA (cfRNA) and
exosomes. Cell free DNA are little DNA fragments found circulating in plasma or serum, just as other fluids present in our
body. Cell free DNA involves primarily double stranded nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA, present both on a surface
level and in the lumen of vesicles. The probable origins of the tumor-inferred portion of cfDNA are apoptosis or tumor
necrosis, lysis of CTCs or release of DNA from the tumor cells into circulation. The evolution of innovations, refinement
and improvement in therapeutics for determination of cfDNA fragment size and its distribution provide significant
information related with pathological conditions of the cell, thus emerging as promising indicator for clinical output in
medical biotechnology.
Liquid biopsy by NGS: differential presence of exons (DPE) in cell-free DNA reveals different patterns in metastatic and nonmetastatic colorectal cancer
