scholarly journals Coral microbiome diversity reflects mass coral bleaching susceptibility during the 2016 El Niño heat wave

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 938-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie G. Gardner ◽  
Emma F. Camp ◽  
David J. Smith ◽  
Tim Kahlke ◽  
Eslam O. Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Coral Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Diversity

scholarly journals No significant difference between Australian heat wave impacts of Modoki and eastern Pacific El Niño

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 5150-5157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammas F. Loughran ◽  
Sarah E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick ◽  
Lisa V. Alexander ◽  
Andrew J. Pitman
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Eastern Pacific El Niño ◽  
Significant Difference

Seasonal climate summary for the southern hemisphere (autumn 2017): the Great Barrier Reef experiences coral bleaching during El Niño–Southern Oscillation neutral conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Grant A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Antarctic Sea Ice ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
The Mean

Austral autumn 2017 was classified as neutral in terms of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), although tropical rainfall and sub-surface Pacific Ocean temperature anomalies were indicative of a weak La Niña. Despite this, autumn 2017 was anomalously warm formost of Australia, consistent with the warming trend that has been observed for the last several decades due to global warming. The mean temperatures for Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australiawere all amongst the top 10. The mean maximum temperature for all of Australia was seventh warmest on record, and amongst the top 10 for all states but Western Australia, with a region of warmest maximum temperature on record in western Queensland. The mean minimum temperature was also above average nationally, and amongst top 10 for Queensland, Victoria and Tasmania. In terms of rainfall, there were very mixed results, with wetter than average for the east coast, western Victoria and parts of Western Australia, and drier than average for western Tasmania, western Queensland, the southeastern portion of the Northern Territory and the far western portion of Western Australia. Dry conditions in Tasmania and southwest Western Australia were likely due to a positive Southern Annular Mode, and the broader west coast and central dry conditions were likely due to cooler eastern Indian Ocean sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) that limited the supply of moisture available to the atmosphere across the country. Other significant events during autumn 2017 were the coral bleaching in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), cyclone Debbie andmuch lower than average Antarctic sea-ice extent. Coral bleaching in the GBR is usually associated on broad scales with strong El Niño events but is becoming more common in ENSO neutral years due to global warming. The southern GBR was saved from warm SST anomalies by severe tropical cyclone Debbie which caused ocean cooling in late March and flooding in Queensland and New SouthWales. The Antarctic sea-ice extent was second lowest on record for autumn, with the March extent being lowest on record.

Successive marine heatwaves cause disproportionate coral bleaching during a fast phase transition from El Niño to La Niña

2020 ◽  
Vol 715 ◽  
pp. 136951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Dalton ◽  
Andrew G. Carroll ◽  
Eugenia Sampayo ◽  
George Roff ◽  
Peter L. Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Fast Phase ◽  
La Nina

scholarly journals Southern Africa Summer Drought and Heat Waves: Observations and Coupled Model Behavior

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 6033-6046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradfield Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Seasonal Precipitation ◽  
Drought Conditions

Abstract Observations of daily maximum temperature (Tx) and monthly precipitation and their counterpart fields from three coupled models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) archive have been used for exploratory research into the behavior of heat waves, drought, and their joint occurrence across the southern Africa subcontinent. The focus is on seasonal drought and heat waves during austral summer [December–February (DJF)] for land areas south of 15°S. Observational results (Tx available only for South Africa) are compared with those based on CMIP3 twentieth-century climate runs for a common analysis period of 1961–2000 while climate projections for the twenty-first century are also considered using the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B forcing scenario. Heat waves were defined when daily Tx values exceeded the 90th percentile for at least 3 consecutive days, while drought was identified via a standardized index of seasonal precipitation. When assessed over the entire study domain the unconditional probability of a heat wave, and its conditional probability given drought conditions, were similar in the models and (for a smaller domain) observations. The models exhibited less ability in reproducing the observed conditional probability of a heat wave given El Niño conditions. This appears to be related to a comparatively weak seasonal precipitation teleconnection pattern into southern Africa in the models during El Niño when drought conditions often develop. The heat wave–drought relationship did not substantially change in climate projections when computing anomalies from future climate means. However, relative to a 1981–2000 base period, the probability of a heat wave increases by over 3.5 times relative to the current climate. Projections across the three models suggest a future drying trend during DJF although this was found to be a model-dependent result, consistent with other studies. However, a decreasing trend in the evaporative fraction was identified across models, indicating that evaluation of future drought conditions needs to take into account both the supply (precipitation) and demand (evaporation) side of the surface water balance.

Severe, Widespread El Niño–Associated Coral Bleaching in the US Phoenix Islands

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Vargas-Ángel ◽  
Erin E Looney ◽  
Oliver J Vetter ◽  
Edmund F Coccagna
Keyword(s):  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Doliolid (Tunicata, Thaliacea) Blooms in the Southeastern Gulf of Alaska as a Result of the Recent Marine Heat Wave of 2014–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei I. Pinchuk ◽  
Sonia D. Batten ◽  
Wesley W. Strasburger
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Mesoscale Eddy ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
The South ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
South Central

The eastern North Pacific experienced a prolonged heat wave in 2014–2016 manifested by high sea surface temperature anomalies in the south-central Gulf of Alaska (GOA). The event provided a natural experiment on the response of the southern GOA ecosystem to a dramatic change in sea temperature. Spatial and temporal variability in zooplankton communities following the culmination of the heat wave was investigated as a part of the NOAA Eastern GOA Ecosystem Assessment program in 2016–2017. Here, for the first time in the GOA, we report consistent observations of doliolid (Dolioletta tritonis) swarms observed in the upper mixed layer beyond the shelf break during both years, with the maximal density of 3,847 ind m–3 recorded in August 2016 and coinciding with the location of an offshore cyclonic mesoscale eddy. Doliolid density was significantly lower on the shelf. The long-term Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) data indicated that doliolid blooms in the south-central GOA may have occurred in the past two decades during El-Nino events. Coincidentally, doliolids prevailed in the diets of juvenile sablefish collected along the eastern coast of GOA both during the 2014–2016 heat wave and during 1997–1998 El Nino. Thus, we speculate that warming trends may increase the importance of doliolids in the GOA pelagic food web.

scholarly journals A comparison between the 2010 and 2016 El-Ninō induced coral bleaching in the Indonesian waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 012051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Wouthuyzen ◽  
M Abrar ◽  
J Lorwens
Keyword(s):  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino

scholarly journals Temperature patterns and mechanisms influencing coral bleaching during the 2016 El Niño

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 845-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim R. McClanahan ◽  
Emily S. Darling ◽  
Joseph M. Maina ◽  
Nyawira A. Muthiga ◽  
Stéphanie D ’agata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino

scholarly journals A change in coral extension rates and stable isotopes after El Niño-induced coral bleaching and regional stress events

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hetzinger ◽  
M. Pfeiffer ◽  
W.-Chr. Dullo ◽  
J. Zinke ◽  
D. Garbe-Schönberg
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Regional Stress

scholarly journals Opposing forces of aerosol cooling and El Nino drive coral bleaching on Caribbean reefs

2006 ◽  
Vol 103 (49) ◽  
pp. 18870-18873 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Gill ◽  
A. R. Watkinson ◽  
J. P. McWilliams ◽  
I. M. Cote
Keyword(s):  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino
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