scholarly journals Maternal and environmental influences on egg size and juvenile life-history traits in Pacific salmon

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1727-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Braun ◽  
David A. Patterson ◽  
John D. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Environmental Influences

The unity of characters: ecological and morphological specialisation in larvae of Hawaiian platynine Carabidae (Coleoptera)

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Liebherr
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Larval Duration ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Functional Linkage ◽  
History Information

Life history information and first instar egg bursters are compared for larvae of 25 species across the monophyletic radiation of Hawaiian Platynini (Coleoptera : Carabidae). The plesiotypic larval duration is approximately five weeks, with derived extension of the larval period having evolved during phylogenetic diversification of the radiation. This extension in larval duration is associated with vestigialisation of the metathoracic flight wings. Egg size is larger in those brachypterous species with slower developing larvae, reflecting pervasive ecological specialisation of these taxa in the isolated, favourable, and temporally stable habitats of Hawaiian montane forests. First instar egg bursters are also compared across these taxa, with evolution of a keel-like egg burster congruently defining a clade also characterised by longer larval duration and larger egg size. A functional linkage between egg burster configuration and egg size is rejected by lack of any association between egg size and egg burster type in the related genus Calathus. Such rejection does not reduce the value of the egg burster for phylogenetic inference. The ability to assess taxa for both life history traits and egg burster configuration argues for similar treatment of all such characters, both ecological and morphological, when estimating phylogeny.

scholarly journals Determinants of life-history traits in a fish ectoparasite: a hierarchical analysis

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (7) ◽  
pp. 848-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. LOOT ◽  
N. POULET ◽  
S. BROSSE ◽  
L. TUDESQUE ◽  
F. THOMAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Parasite Number ◽  
Egg Number

SUMMARYObjective. Unravelling the determinants of parasite life-history traits in natural settings is complex. Here, we deciphered the relationships between biotic, abiotic factors and the variation in 4 life-history traits (body size, egg presence, egg number and egg size) in the fish ectoparasite Tracheliastes polycolpus. We then determined the factors affecting the strength of the trade-off between egg number and egg size. Methods. To do so, we used 4-level (parasite, microhabitat, host and environment) hierarchical models coupled to a field database. Results. Variation in life-history traits was mostly due to individual characteristics measured at the parasite level. At the microhabitat level (fins of fish hosts), parasite number was positively related to body size, egg presence and egg number. Higher parasite number on fins was positively associated with individual parasite fitness. At the host level, host body size was positively related to the individual fitness of the parasite; parasites were bigger and more fecund on bigger hosts. In contrast, factors measured at the environmental level had a weak influence on life-history traits. Finally, a site-dependent trade-off between egg number and egg size existed in this population. Conclusion. Our study illustrates the importance of considering parasite life-history traits in a hierarchical framework to decipher complex links between biotic, abiotic factors and parasite life-history traits.

Analyzing variations in life-history traits of Pacific salmon in the context of Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Pecquerie ◽  
Leah R. Johnson ◽  
Sebastiaan A.L.M. Kooijman ◽  
Roger M. Nisbet
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Dynamic Energy Budget

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Life History Traits in Lake Trout

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni L. McDermid ◽  
Peter E. Ihssen ◽  
William N. Sloan ◽  
Brian J. Shuter
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Environmental Influences

Egg production in adult trematodes: adaptation or constraint?

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. POULIN
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Host Body Mass ◽  
Trematode Parasites

Parasite life-history traits should reflect past environmental and host-related selective pressures acting to produce strategies that maximize transmission success. The evolution of adult body size and egg production in 804 species of trematode parasites was investigated using independent contrasts derived from a phylogeny of trematodes. Contrasts in trematode body size were positively correlated with contrasts in egg size, and almost significantly correlated with contrasts in numbers of uterine eggs. After controlling for body size, no relationship existed between egg size and egg numbers, suggesting that there is no trade-off between the two components of egg production. Average host body mass and latitude of the sampling site did not correlate with either trematode body size or egg size. Contrasts between trematode taxa exploiting ectotherm hosts and their sister taxa exploiting endotherms showed no consistent difference in either body size or egg size. The effect of other variables on trematode life-histories, such as the nature of the habitat in which eggs are released, the site of attachment within the host's body, or the number of hosts involved in the life-cycle, could not be evaluated statistically. The similarity in life-history traits among members of given clades suggests that phylogenetic constraints may have acted to limit or mask any adaptive changes expected from changes in host-related or environmental conditions.

Interspecific variation in life history traits of Elasmostethus (Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kudo ◽  
Aki Yamamoto ◽  
Tadao Ichita ◽  
Haruki Tatsuta
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
The Family

AbstractLife history traits, such as clutch size, egg size (weight), developmental periods of eggs, and female body (abdomen) size, were investigated in Japanese species of the genus Elasmostethus Fieber (Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae): E. amabilis Yamamoto, E. brevis Lindberg, E. humeralis Jakovlev, E. interstinctus (Linnaeus), E. kerzhneri Yamamoto, and E. nubilus (Dallas). With the exception of clutch size, significant differences were observed in the traits among species. No species exhibited maternal care of eggs. These data form a solid basis for future comparative analyses in the family Acanthosomatidae, which contains both subsocial and asocial species.

scholarly journals Variation in Egg Size and Laying Date in Thick-Billed Murre Populations Breeding in the Low Arctic and High Arctic

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Hipfner ◽  
Anthony J. Gaston ◽  
H. Grant Gilchrist
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Laying Date ◽  
Uria Lomvia ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Low Arctic ◽  
Historia De Vida

Abstract We used data collected across 28 years (1975–2002) to compare how timing of laying and egg size respond to environmental variability in two low-arctic and two high-arctic Thick-billed Murre (Uria lomvia) populations. Ice conditions strongly affect food availability to marine birds in the Arctic, and the percentage of the sea's surface covered by ice within 300 km of the breeding colony varied more among years near the start of laying at our high-arctic study colonies (Prince Leopold and Coburg Islands, Nunavut, Canada) than at our low-arctic study colonies (Coats and Digges Islands, Nunavut). However, mean values differed little. These results indicate that Thick-billed Murres breeding in the High Arctic experience more variable ice conditions, but not necessarily more severe ice conditions, during the period of egg formation. In response, both median laying date and mean egg size varied more among years at high-arctic than at low-arctic colonies. Several lines of evidence suggested that the variation was a result of within-female effects, i.e., phenotypic plasticity rather than different individuals breeding in years in which environmental conditions differed. Previous studies have shown that Thick-billed Murres lay eggs later in years of heavier ice coverage, especially in the High Arctic where ice conditions can be severe, and only in the High Arctic was later laying associated with reduced egg size. The relationship tended towards a negative asymptote suggesting that each female may have her own minimum egg size. Our results show that Thick-billed Murres that inhabit a more variable environment display greater variability in life-history traits. More generally, they offer insight into mechanisms linking environmental heterogeneity to phenotypic variation in life-history traits. Variación en el Tamaño del Huevo y la Fecha de Puesta en Poblaciones Reproductivas de Uria lomvia en el Ártico Bajo y el Ártico Alto Resumen. Empleamos datos colectados a lo largo de 28 años (1975–2002) para determinar cómo el ajuste temporal de la puesta y del tamaño del huevo responde a la variabilidad ambiental en dos poblaciones del Ártico bajo y dos poblaciones del Ártico alto de Uria lomvia. Las condiciones del hielo afectaron fuertemente la disponibilidad de alimentos para las aves marinas en el Ártico. El porcentaje de la superficie del mar cubierta por hielo a menos de 300 km de la colonia reproductiva varió más entre años cerca del inicio de la puesta en nuestras colonias de estudio del Ártico alto (Islas Prince Leopold y Coburg, Nunavut, Canadá) que en nuestras colonias de estudio del Ártico bajo (Islas Coats and Digges, Nunavut). Sin embargo, los valores medios difirieron poco. Estos resultados indican que los individuos de Uria lomvia que crían en el Ártico alto experimentan condiciones de hielo más variables, pero no necesariamente más severas, durante el período de la formación del huevo. Como respuesta, tanto la fecha mediana de puesta y la media del tamaño del huevo variaron más entre años en las colonias del Ártico alto que en las del Ártico bajo. Varias líneas de evidencia sugirieron que esta variación fue el resultado de variaciones propias de las hembras (i.e., plasticidad fenotípica) y no de variación entre individuos diferentes que criaron en años en los cuales las condiciones ambientales difirieron. Estudios previos han mostrado que Uria lomvia realiza su puesta más tarde en los años de mucha cobertura de hielo, especialmente en el Ártico alto, donde las condiciones de hielo pueden ser severas, y sólo en el Ártico alto la demora de la puesta se asoció con una reducción del tamaño del huevo. La relación tendió hacia una asíntota negativa, sugiriendo que cada hembra podría tener su propio tamaño mínimo del huevo. Nuestros resultados muestran que los individuos de Uria lomvia que habitan un ambiente más variable muestran mayor variabilidad en los rasgos de historia de vida. De modo más general, nuestros resultados ofrecen información sobre los mecanismos que vinculan la heterogeneidad ambiental con la variación fenotípica en los rasgos de historia de vida.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document