scholarly journals Remotely detected aboveground plant function predicts belowground processes in two prairie diversity experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannine M. Cavender‐Bares ◽  
Anna K. Schweiger ◽  
John A. Gamon ◽  
Hamed Gholizadeh ◽  
Kimberly Helzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Belowground Processes

scholarly journals Linking Foliar Traits to Belowground Processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-197
Author(s):  
Michael Madritch ◽  
Jeannine Cavender-Bares ◽  
Sarah E. Hobbie ◽  
Philip A. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Root Turnover ◽  
Litter Chemistry ◽  
Plant Chemistry ◽  
Fine Root Turnover ◽  
Belowground Processes ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Foliar Traits

AbstractAbove- and belowground systems are linked via plant chemistry. In forested systems, leaf litter chemistry and quality mirror that of green foliage and have important afterlife effects. In systems where belowground inputs dominate, such as grasslands, or in ecosystems where aboveground biomass is frequently removed by burning or harvesting, foliar traits may provide important information regarding belowground inputs via exudates and fine-root turnover. Many, if not most, of the plant traits that drive variation in belowground processes are also measurable via remote sensing technologies. The ability of remote sensing techniques to measure fine-scale biodiversity and plant chemistry over large spatial scales can help researchers address ecological questions that were previously prohibitively expensive to address. Key to these potential advances is the idea that remotely sensed vegetation spectra and plant chemistry can provide detailed information about the function of belowground processes beyond what traditional field sampling can provide.

Belowground Processes and Global Change1

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-398
Author(s):  
Robert B. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Belowground Processes

scholarly journals Ecosystem CO2 flux rates in relation to vegetation type and age of Leymus arenarius dunes on Surtsey

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Bjarni D. Sigurdsson ◽  
Guðrún Stefánsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Primary Succession ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Surface Cover ◽  
The Past ◽  
Belowground Processes ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Leymus Arenarius

The primary succession on the 50 year old volcanic island of Surtsey, Iceland, has been intensively studied. Initial soil development and other belowground processes are important drivers of primary succession but frequently overseen. A Leymus arenarius and Honckenya peploides dominated plant community has formed a relatively stable successional sere on the island, where external inputs of nutrients remain low. These plants have had a stable <10% aboveground surface cover during the past 20 years, but less is known about their belowground development. We investigated the organic matter (carbon) output and input processes (soil respiration, ecosystem respiration and photosynthesis) of the community and how they were affected by soil temperature, soil water content, vegetation and age of L. arenarius dunes. We found that both soil respiration and root stocks have increased substantially from 1987, when an earlier study was conducted. The same pattern was found when different aged L. arenarius dunes were studied. L. arenarius had a stronger effect on the soil respiration fluxes than its surface cover might indicate, through its much higher photosynthesis rates than H. peploides. The study furthermore illustrated how water stress may temporally limit belowground processes in this coastal community.

scholarly journals Effects of plant evolution on nutrient cycling couple aboveground and belowground processes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Loeuille ◽  
Tiphaine Le Mao ◽  
Sébastien Barot
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Belowground Processes ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Plant

AbstractPlant strategies for nutrient acquisition and recycling are key components of ecosystem functioning. How the evolution of such strategies modifies ecosystem functioning and services is still not well understood. In the present work, we aim at understanding how the evolution of different phenotypic traits link aboveground and belowground processes, thereby affecting the functioning of the ecosystem at different scales and in different realms. Using a simple model, we follow the dynamics of a limiting nutrient inside an ecosystem. Considering trade-offs between aboveground and belowground functional traits, we study the effects of the evolution of such strategies on ecosystem properties (amount of mineral nutrient, total plant biomass, dead organic matter and primary productivity) and whether such properties are maximized. Our results show that when evolution leads to a stable outcome, it minimizes the quantity of nutrient available (following Tilman's R* rule). We also show that considering the evolution of aboveground and belowground functional traits simultaneously, total plant biomass and primary productivity are not necessarily maximized through evolution. The coupling of aboveground and belowground processes through evolution may largely diminish predicted standing biomass and productivity (extinction may even occur), and impact the evolutionary resilience (ie, the return time to previous phenotypic states) of the ecosystem in face of external disturbances. We show that changes in plant biomass and their effects on evolutionary change can be understood by accounting for the links between nutrient uptake and mineralization, and for indirect effects of nutrient uptake on the amount of detritus in the system.

scholarly journals Manna from heaven: Refuse from an arboreal ant links aboveground and belowground processes in a lowland tropical forest

Ecosphere ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. art141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie A. Clay ◽  
Jane Lucas ◽  
Michael Kaspari ◽  
Adam D. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Lowland Tropical Forest ◽  
Belowground Processes

Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Effects on Belowground Processes in C3 and C4 Estuarine Marsh Communities

Ecology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 2001-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Curtis ◽  
Lisa M. Balduman ◽  
Bert G. Drake ◽  
Dennis F. Whigham
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Co2 Effects ◽  
Belowground Processes

Plant diversity enhances the reliability of belowground processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2102-2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Milcu ◽  
Elisa Thebault ◽  
Stefan Scheu ◽  
Nico Eisenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Belowground Processes

scholarly journals Do root modules still exist after they die?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihong Li ◽  
Chengming You ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Han Li ◽  
Bo Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Terminal Branch ◽  
Litter Bag ◽  
Belowground Processes ◽  
Picea Asperata ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The terminal branch orders of plant root systems are increasingly known as an ephemeral module. This concept is crucial to recognize belowground processes. However, it is unknown if root modules still exist after they die? Methods The decomposition patterns of the first five root orders were observed for 3 years using a branch-order classification, a litter-bag method and sequential sampling in a common subalpine tree species (Picea asperata) of southwestern China. Results Two root modules were observed during the 3-year incubation. Among the first five branch orders, the first three order roots exhibited temporal patterns of mass loss, nutrients and stoichiometry distinct from their woody mother roots throughout the experimental period. This study, for the first time, reported the decomposition pattern of each individual root order and found a similar decomposition dynamic among ephemeral root branches in a forest tree species. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that root modules may also exist after death, while more data are needed for confirmation. The findings may further advance our understanding of architecture-associated functional heterogeneity in the fine-root system and also improve our ability to predict belowground processes.

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