scholarly journals Quantifying mortality of modular organisms: a comparison of partial and whole‐colony mortality in a colonial bryozoan

Ecosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Denley ◽  
Anna Metaxas
Keyword(s):  
Modular Organisms

Modern Zoophytology: The Growth and Form of Modular Organisms.

Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 237 (4822) ◽  
pp. 1626-1627
Author(s):  
L. W. BUSS
Keyword(s):  
Modular Organisms

Homeosis and reliability of reproductive systems in modular organisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Notov
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Modular Organisms

scholarly journals Internal brooding favours pre-metamorphic chimerism in a non-colonial cnidarian, the sea anemone Urticina felina

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1724) ◽  
pp. 3517-3522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mercier ◽  
Zhao Sun ◽  
Jean-François Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Oocyte Size ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Modular Organisms ◽  
First Time ◽  
Colonial Ascidians

The concept of intraorganismal genetic heterogeneity resulting from allogeneic fusion (i.e. chimerism) has almost exclusively been explored in modular organisms that have the capacity to reproduce asexually, such as colonial ascidians and corals. Apart from medical conditions in mammals, the natural development of chimeras across ontogenetic stages has not been investigated in any unitary organism incapable of asexual propagation. Furthermore, chimerism was mainly studied among gregarious settlers to show that clustering of genetically similar individuals upon settlement promotes the occurrence of multi-chimeras exhibiting greater fitness. The possible occurrence of chimeric embryos and larvae prior to settlement has not received any attention. Here we document for the first time the presence of natural chimeras in brooded embryos and larvae of a unitary cnidarian, the sea anemone Urticina felina . Rates of visible bi- and multi-chimerism of up to 3.13 per cent were measured in the broods of 16 females. Apart from these sectorial chimeras, monitored fusion events also yielded homogeneous chimeric entities (mega-larvae) suggesting that the actual rates of natural chimerism in U. felina are greater than predicted by visual assessment. In support of this assumption, the broods of certain individuals comprised a dominant proportion (to 90%) of inexplicably large embryos and larvae (relative to oocyte size). Findings of fusion and chimerism in a unitary organism add a novel dimension to the framework within which the mechanisms and evolutionary significance of genetic heterogeneity in animal taxa can be explored.

A new modular palaeopascichnid fossil Curviacus ediacaranus new genus and species from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area of South China

2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 1257-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
BING SHEN ◽  
SHUHAI XIAO ◽  
CHUANMING ZHOU ◽  
LIN DONG ◽  
JIEQIONG CHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Carbonate Facies ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Modular Organisms ◽  
Dengying Formation ◽  
Body Construction ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

AbstractNon-biomineralizing Ediacaran macrofossils are rare in carbonate facies, but they offer valuable information about their three-dimensional internal anatomy and can broaden our view about their taphonomy and palaeoecology. In this study, we report a new Ediacaran fossil, Curviacus ediacaranus new genus and species, from bituminous limestone of the Shibantan Member of the Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area of South China. Curviacus is reconstructed as a benthic modular organism consisting of serially arranged and crescent-shaped chambers. The chambers are confined by chamber walls that are replicated by calcispars, and are filled by micritic sediments. Such modular body construction is broadly similar to the co-occurring Yangtziramulus zhangii and other Ediacaran modular fossils, such as Palaeopascichnus. The preservation style of Curviacus is similar to Yangtziramulus, although the phylogenetic affinities of both genera remain unresolved. The new fossil adds to the diversity of Ediacaran modular organisms.

Retrospect on modular organisms

1986 ◽  
Vol 313 (1159) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Modular Organisms ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Developmental Asynchrony

Modularity is a new term, but some associated ideas have been with us for a long time. Animals like bryozoans, traditionally recognized as colonial, would all be considered modular at this meeting. It has also been realized for a long time that reproduction can be asexual and produce individuals that differ only from developmental asynchrony or environmental effects. The concept of metamerism is likewise a venerable one, and involves the repetitive units of construction (Hardwick) or products of iterative growth (Mackie) characteristic of modularity. Despite the antiquity of many of the concepts, I think it clear that there is something new about the idea of a modular organism. It is an idea that can give a benthic ecologist working on sea anemones a feeling that in some ways he may have more in common with a plant ecologist studying herbaceous perennials than with another benthic ecologist mainly interested in molluscs. It would appear that some participants at the meeting find cloning an unnecessary criterion, or metamerism an insufficient criterion of modularity.

THE EVOLUTION OF FLORAL LONGEVITY: RESOURCE ALLOCATION TO MAINTENANCE VERSUS CONSTRUCTION OF REPEATED PARTS IN MODULAR ORGANISMS

Evolution ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Schoen ◽  
Tia-Lynn Ashman
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Modular Organisms ◽  
Floral Longevity

scholarly journals Preface

1986 ◽  
Vol 228 (1251) ◽  
pp. 111-111 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Accurate Description ◽  
Characteristic Form ◽  
Mating Competition ◽  
Modular Organisms ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Lower Plants

Modular organisms are those that grow by the repeated iteration of units of structure. This manner of growth is characteristic of many invertebrates, and of higher and most lower plants. Modular organisms almost inevitably iterate their units of construction by branching. The modules may then separate from each other to become physiologically independent parts of a clone ( Hydra and duck­weeds) or remain attached to each other in more or less physiologically integrated wholes (trees, corals, salps, etc.). The ways in which the attached modules of a genet are arranged relative to each other gives the whole an often characteristic form that may, as in the species-specific outline of trees or corals, defy accurate description in words yet be modelled effectively by computer graphics. Modular growth normally constrains organisms to a fixed immobile life, though there are exceptions among free-floating aquatics. Most of the properties associated with mobility in unitary organisms are expressed through the form or architecture of modular organisms, e. g. the capture of resources, mating, competition, defence.

The use of taxonomic distinctness indices in assessing patterns of biodiversity in modular organisms

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislao Bevilacqua ◽  
Simonetta Fraschetti ◽  
Antonio Terlizzi ◽  
Ferdinando Boero
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Distinctness ◽  
Modular Organisms

Demographic effects of fragmentation history in modular organisms: illustrated using the bryozoan Mucropetraliella ellerii (MacGillivray)

2003 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Linacre ◽  
Michael J. Keough
Keyword(s):  
Modular Organisms ◽  
Demographic Effects
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document