The solubility, microstructure, and chemical durability of Ce‐doped YIG ceramics designed as actinide waste forms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilin Luo ◽  
Zhitong Xu ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Baoliang Xu ◽  
Shiyin Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Waste Forms

HIPed Tailored Pyrochlore-Rich Glass-Ceramic Waste Forms for the Immobilization of Nuclear Waste

2008 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody Lyn Carter ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Yingjie Zhang ◽  
Andrew L Gillen ◽  
Eric R Vance
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Ceramic Samples

AbstractHot isostatically pressed (HIPed) glass-ceramics for the immobilization of uranium-rich intermediate-level wastes and Hanford K-basin sludges were designed. These were based on pyrochlore-structured Ca(1-x)U(1+y)Ti2O7 in glass, together with minor crystalline phases. Detailed microstructural, diffraction and spectroscopic characterization of selected glass-ceramic samples has been performed, and chemical durability is adequate, as measured by both MCC-1 and PCT-B leach tests.

Performance Assessment of Zircon as a Waste Form for Excess Weapons Plutonium Under Deep Borehole Burial Conditions

1995 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Weber ◽  
R. C. Ewing ◽  
W. Lutze
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Alpha Decay ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Waste Form ◽  
Accessory Mineral ◽  
Deep Borehole ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Weapons Grade Plutonium ◽  
Precambrian Terranes

AbstractZircon (ZrSiO4) is proposed as a waste form for excess weapons-grade plutonium. Zircon is an extremely durable ceramic that is often found as an accessory mineral in Precambrian terranes with ages up to 4 billion years. The chemical durability of zircon in groundwater far exceeds that of other waste forms, as modeled leach rates may be as low as 10-11g/m2d. At least 10 wt% Pu can substitute for Zr in zircon. Self-radiation damage from alpha decay leads to a crystalline-to-amorphous transformation that is modeled as a function of time and temperature for deep borehole conditions. Based on the results of this assessment, zircon could meet all necessary durability and criticality criteria required for a Pu waste form. The types of data used in this analysis are generally not available for other crystalline ceramics or glasses.

The effects of crystallization and residual glass on the chemical durability of iron phosphate waste forms containing 40 wt% of a high MoO3 Collins-CLT waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Hsien Hsu ◽  
Jincheng Bai ◽  
Cheol-Woon Kim ◽  
Richard K. Brow ◽  
Joe Szabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Residual Glass ◽  
Waste Forms

Iodosodalite Waste Forms from Low-Temperature Aqueous Process

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (20) ◽  
pp. 1093-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghune Nam ◽  
Saehwa Chong ◽  
Brian J. Riley ◽  
John S. McCloy
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Aqueous Synthesis ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Synthesis Approach ◽  
Iodine Retention

ABSTRACTNuclear energy is one option to meet rising electricity demands, although one concern of this technology is the proper capture and storage of radioisotopes produced during fission processes. One of the more difficult radioisotopes is 129 I due to its volatility and poor solubility in traditional waste forms such as borosilicate glass. Iodosodalite has been previously proposed as a viable candidate to immobilize iodine due to high iodine loading and good chemical durability. Iodosodalite was traditionally synthesized using solid state and hydrothermal techniques, but this paper discusses an aqueous synthesis approach to optimize and maximize the iodosodalite yield. Products were pressed into pellets and fired with glass binders. Chemical durability and iodine retention results are included.

Molten salt reactors and electrochemical reprocessing: synthesis and chemical durability of potential waste forms for metal and salt waste streams

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Carlson ◽  
Levi Gardner ◽  
Jeremy Moon ◽  
Brian Riley ◽  
Jake Amoroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Salt Waste

Comparison of Glass and Crystalline Nuclear Waste Forms

1988 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lutze ◽  
R. C. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Borosilicate Glasses ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Nuclear Waste Forms

ABSTRACTNuclear waste forms may be divided into two broad categories: (1) single phase glasses with minor crystalline components (e.g., borosilicate glasses) and (2) crystalline waste forms, either single phase (e.g., monazite) or polyphase (e.g., SYNROC). This paper reviews the materials properties data that are available for each of these two types of waste forms. The prinicipal data include: (1) physical, thermal and mechanical properties, (2) chemical durability; (3) radiation damage effects. Complete data are only available for borosilicate glasses and SYNROC; therefore, this comparison focuses on the performance assessment of borosilicate glass and SYNROC.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of multiphase ceramic designer waste forms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Braeden M. Clark ◽  
Priyatham Tumurugoti ◽  
Shanmugavelayutham K. Sundaram ◽  
Jake W. Amoroso ◽  
James C. Marra
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Waste Form ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Elemental Release

AbstractThe long-term performance, or resistance to elemental release, is the defining characteristic of a nuclear waste form. In the case of multiphase ceramic waste forms, correlating the long-term performance of multiphase ceramic waste forms in the environment to accelerated chemical durability testing in the laboratory is non-trivial owing to their complex microstructures. The fabrication method, which in turn affects the microstructure, is further compounding when comparing multiphase ceramic waste forms. In this work, we propose a “designer waste form” prepared via spark plasma sintering to limit interaction between phases and grain growth during consolidation, leading to monolithic high-density waste forms, which can be used as reference materials for comparing the chemical durability of multiphase waste forms. Designer waste forms containing varying amounts of hollandite in the presence of zirconolite and pyrochlore in a fixed ratio were synthesized. The product consistency test (PCT) and vapor hydration test (VHT) were used to assess the leaching behavior. Samples were unaffected by the VHT after 1500 h. As measured by the PCT, the fractional Cs release decreased as the amount of hollandite increased. Elemental release from the zirconolite and pyrochlore phases did not appear to significantly contribute to the elemental release from the hollandite phase in the designer waste forms.

Phase evolution and chemical durability of co-doped Gd2Zr2O7 ceramics for nuclear waste forms

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 6344-6349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xirui Lu ◽  
Long Fan ◽  
Xiaoyan Shu ◽  
Sijin Su ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Nuclear Waste Forms ◽  
Co Doped
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