scholarly journals Ten years of enhancing neuro‐imaging genetics through meta‐analysis : An overview from the ENIGMA Genetics Working Group

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Medland ◽  
Katrina L. Grasby ◽  
Neda Jahanshad ◽  
Jodie N. Painter ◽  
Lucía Colodro‐Conde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Imaging Genetics ◽  
Neuro Imaging

scholarly journals In vivo hippocampal subfield volumes in bipolar disorder—A mega‐analysis from The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis Bipolar Disorder Working Group

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unn K. Haukvik ◽  
Tiril P. Gurholt ◽  
Stener Nerland ◽  
Torbjørn Elvsåshagen ◽  
Theophilus N. Akudjedu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Imaging Genetics ◽  
Neuro Imaging

scholarly journals Ten years of Enhancing Neuro-Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis: An overview from the ENIGMA Genetics Working Group

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Medland ◽  
Katrina L. Grasby ◽  
Neda Jahanshad ◽  
Jodie N. Painter ◽  
Lucía Colodro-Conde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Imaging Genetics ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Neuro Imaging ◽  
Neuroimaging Genetics

Here we review the motivation for creating the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium and the genetic analyses undertaken by the consortium so far. We discuss the methodological challenges, findings and future directions of the Genetics Working Group. A major goal of the working group is tackling the reproducibility crisis affecting ‘candidate gene’ and genome-wide association analyses in neuroimaging. To address this, we developed harmonised analytic methods, and support their use in coordinated analyses across sites worldwide, which also makes it possible to understand heterogeneity in results across sites. These efforts have resulted in the identification of hundreds of common genomic loci robustly associated with brain structure. We showed common and distinct genetic loci to be associated with different brain structures, as well as genetic correlations with psychiatric and neurological diseases.

The ENIGMA Brain Injury Working Group: Approach, Challenges, and Potential Benefits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth A. Wilde ◽  
Emily L. Dennis ◽  
David F Tate
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Function ◽  
Neuroimaging Genetics

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium brings together researchers from around the world to try to identify the genetic underpinnings of brain structure and function, along with robust, generalizable effects of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The recently-formed ENIGMA Brain Injury working group includes 8 subgroups, based largely on injury mechanism and patient population. This introduction to the special issue summarizes the history, organization, and objectives of ENIGMA Brain Injury, and includes a discussion of strategies, challenges, opportunities and goals common across 6 of the subgroups under the umbrella of ENIGMA Brain Injury. The following articles in this special issue, including 6 articles from different subgroups, will detail the challenges and opportunities specific to each subgroup.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia Is Associated with Mortality in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jane Xu ◽  
Ching S. Wan ◽  
Kiriakos Ktoris ◽  
Esmee M. Reijnierse ◽  
Andrea B. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
European Working ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Meta Analyses

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Sarcopenia can predispose individuals to falls, fractures, hospitalization, and mortality. The prevalence of sarcopenia depends on the population studied and the definition used for the diagnosis. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between sarcopenia and mortality and if it is dependent on the population and sarcopenia definition. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane from 1 January 2010 to 6 April 2020 for articles relating to sarcopenia and mortality. Articles were included if they met the following criteria – cohorts with a mean or median age ≥18 years and either of the following sarcopenia definitions: Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS and AWGS2019), European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP and EWGSOP2), Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), International Working Group for Sarcopenia (IWGS), or Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC). Hazard ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR) were pooled separately in meta-analyses using a random-effects model, stratified by population (community-dwelling adults, outpatients, inpatients, and nursing home residents). Subgroup analyses were performed for sarcopenia definition and follow-up period. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Out of 3,025 articles, 57 articles were included in the systematic review and 56 in the meta-analysis (42,108 participants, mean age of 49.4 ± 11.7 to 86.6 ± 1.0 years, 40.3% females). Overall, sarcopenia was associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality (HR: 2.00 [95% CI: 1.71, 2.34]; OR: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.64, 3.37]), which was independent of population, sarcopenia definition, and follow-up period in subgroup analyses. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Sarcopenia is associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality, independent of population and sarcopenia definition, which highlights the need for screening and early diagnosis in all populations.

scholarly journals A Literature Review of GP Knowledge and Understanding of ME/CFS: A Report from the Socioeconomics Working Group of the European Network on ME/CFS (EUROMENE)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Pheby ◽  
Diana Araja ◽  
Uldis Berkis ◽  
Elenka Brenna ◽  
John Cullinan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
European Network ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Patient Surveys ◽  
Diagnostic Delays

Background and Objectives The socioeconomics working group of the European ME/CFS Research Network (EUROMENE) has conducted a review of the literature pertaining to GPs&rsquo; knowledge and understanding of ME/CFS. Materials and Methods A MEDLINE search was carried out. The papers identified were reviewed following the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) methodology, and were classified according to the focus of the enquiry (patients, GPs, database and medical record studies, evaluation of a training programme, and overview papers), and whether they were quantitative or qualitative in nature. Results 33 papers were identified in the MEDLINE search. The quantitative surveys of GPs demonstrated that a third to a half of all GPs did not accept ME/CFS as a genuine clinical entity and, even when they did, they lacked confidence in diagnosing or managing it. Patient surveys indicated that a similar proportion of patients was dissatisfied with the primary medical care they had received. These findings were consistent with the findings of the qualitative studies that were examined, and have changed little over several decades. Conclusions Lack of knowledge and understanding of ME/CFS among GPs is widespread, and the resultant diagnostic delays constitute a risk factor for severe and prolonged disease. Failure to diagnose ME/CFS renders problematic attempts to determine its prevalence, and hence its economic impact.

scholarly journals 0341 Welding fumes and lung cancer: a meta-analysis by iarc working group

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neela Guha ◽  
Manoj Kumar Honaryar ◽  
Ruth M Lunn ◽  
Danièle Luce ◽  
Wolfgang Ahrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Welding Fumes

Normalization of mortality rate and life expectancy in schizophrenia: Challenges and options

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s805-s806
Author(s):  
D. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Neuro Imaging

Studies of mortality-rates and life expectancy in schizophrenia have consistently shown that the standardized mortality rate (SMR) are raised compared to the general population. In a meta-analysis (2007) of 38 studies with 22,296 deaths, all cause SMR was 2.98. SMR in a French cohort study (2009) in 3470 patients with schizophrenia, were 3.6 for men and 4.3 for women. A recent epidemiological study (2015) of a US-cohort of 1,138,853 individuals with schizophrenia, 4,807,121 million years of follow-up and 74,003 deaths, all cause SMR was 3.7 for the total population: 3.3 for men and 4.3 for women. Life expectancy, the other side of the coin of increased SMR, in this study was reduced with 28.5 years. Studies in life expectancy, the other side of the coin of increased SMR, show a substantial, if not alarming reduced life expectancy. Israel with 12.5 years and Denmark–15 years for women and 20 years for men – reported the lowest reduction in life expectancy, while Arizona reported the highest reduction of 32 years. Progress in such diverse fields as genetics, neuro-imaging, early diagnosis of (ultra) high-risk populations, CBT and rehabilitation treatment, has not improved schizophrenia SMR or life expectancy. On the contrary, in far a trend is visible, the situation tends to worsen, not to improve. After going through the barriers for optimal somatic care, both patient and health care related, we will discuss options for improvement of the level of somatic health care, at the preventive and therapeutic level.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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