scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variability of water table dynamics in an afforested catchment of the Central Spanish Pyrenees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Juez ◽  
E. Nadal‐Romero ◽  
E. L. H. Cammeraat ◽  
D. Regüés
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Spanish Pyrenees

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variability of winter snow and precipitation days in the western and central Spanish Pyrenees

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Buisan ◽  
Miguel Angel Saz ◽  
Juan I. López-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Spanish Pyrenees

scholarly journals Controls and characteristics of variability in soil moisture and groundwater in a headwater catchment

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 9475-9517
Author(s):  
H. K. McMillan ◽  
M. S. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Strong Control

Abstract. This paper presents experimental results from a new headwater research catchment in New Zealand. We made distributed measurements of streamflow, soil moisture and groundwater levels, sampling across a range of aspects, hillslope positions, distances from stream and depths. Our aim was to assess the controls, types and implications of spatial and temporal variability in surface and groundwaters. We found that temporal variability is strongly controlled by the seasonal cycle, for both soil moisture and water table, and for both the mean and extremes of the distributions. The standard deviation of both soil moisture and groundwater values calculated per timestep is larger in winter than in summer, and standard deviations typically peak during rainfall events due to partial saturation of the catchment. Controls on the spatial variability differed between the water stores. Aspect had a strong control on groundwater but not on soil moisture, distance from stream controlled both soil moisture and groundwater. The depth of the soil moisture sensor had little impact in terms of mean water content, but a strong impact on the extreme values, i.e. saturation. Co-measurement of soil moisture and water table level variability allowed us to identify variability components that differed between these water stores e.g. patterns of strong response in soil water content were not the same for groundwater level, and those that were consistent e.g. vertical infiltration of summer rainfall through upper and lower soil depths, or rising near-stream water tables through shallow wells to lower soil depths. Signatures of variability were observed in the streamflow series, showing that understanding variability is important for hydrological prediction. Total catchment variability is composed of multiple variability sources. The dominant variability type changes with catchment wetness conditions according to which water stores are active, and in particular those which are close to a threshold such as field capacity or saturation. Our results suggest that the integrative processes that create emergent catchment behaviour should be understood as the sum of these multiple, time varying components.

scholarly journals Characteristics and controls of variability in soil moisture and groundwater in a headwater catchment

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1767-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. McMillan ◽  
M. S. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Water Tables

Abstract. Hydrological processes, including runoff generation, depend on the distribution of water in a catchment, which varies in space and time. This paper presents experimental results from a headwater research catchment in New Zealand, where we made distributed measurements of streamflow, soil moisture and groundwater levels, sampling across a range of aspects, hillslope positions, distances from stream and depths. Our aim was to assess the controls, types and implications of spatial and temporal variability in soil moisture and groundwater tables. We found that temporal variability in soil moisture and water table is strongly controlled by the seasonal cycle in potential evapotranspiration, for both the mean and extremes of their distributions. Groundwater is a larger water storage component than soil moisture, and this general difference increases even more with increasing catchment wetness. The spatial standard deviation of both soil moisture and groundwater is larger in winter than in summer. It peaks during rainfall events due to partial saturation of the catchment, and also rises in spring as different locations dry out at different rates. The most important controls on spatial variability in storage are aspect and distance from the stream. South-facing and near-stream locations have higher water tables and showed soil moisture responses for more events. Typical hydrological models do not explicitly account for aspect, but our results suggest that it is an important factor in hillslope runoff generation. Co-measurement of soil moisture and water table level allowed us to identify relationships between the two. Locations where water tables peaked closer to the surface had consistently wetter soils and higher water tables. These wetter sites were the same across seasons. However, patterns of strong soil moisture responses to summer storms did not correspond to the wetter sites. Total catchment spatial variability is composed of multiple variability sources, and the dominant type is sensitive to those stores that are close to a threshold such as field capacity or saturation. Therefore, we classified spatial variability as "summer mode" or "winter mode". In "summer mode", variability is controlled by shallow processes, e.g. interaction of water with soils and vegetation. In "winter mode", variability is controlled by deeper processes, e.g. groundwater movement and bypass flow. Double streamflow peaks observed during some events show the direct impact of groundwater variability on runoff generation. Our results suggest that emergent catchment behaviour depends on the combination of these multiple, time varying components of storage variability.

EVALUATION OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL REDISTRIBUTION PROCESSES WITHIN AN ARABLE SLOPE (PAPER 2)

2015 ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Ju. S. Kuznetsova ◽  
V. R. Belyaev ◽  
M. V. Markelov ◽  
N. N. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Soil Redistribution

Response of Corn Grain Yield to Spatial and Temporal Variability in Emergence

Crop Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Liu ◽  
Matthijs Tollenaar ◽  
Greg Stewart ◽  
William Deen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

scholarly journals A Case Study of a Large Unstable Mass Stabilization: “El Portalet” Pass at the Central Spanish Pyrenees

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7176
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cobos ◽  
Miguel Ángel Eguibar ◽  
Francisco Javier Torrijo ◽  
Julio Garzón-Roca
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Slope Stabilization ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Geotechnical Investigations ◽  
Spanish Pyrenees ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Unstable Slope ◽  
Total Stability

This case study presents the engineering approach conducted for stabilizing a landslide that occurred at “El Portalet” Pass in the Central Spanish Pyrenees activated due to the construction of a parking lot. Unlike common slope stabilization cases, measures projected here were aimed at slowing and controlling the landslide, and not completely stopping the movement. This decision was taken due to the slow movement of the landslide and the large unstable mass involved. The degree of success of the stabilization measures was assessed by stability analyses and data obtained from different geotechnical investigations and satellite survey techniques such as GB-SAR and DinSAR conducted by different authors in the area under study. The water table was found to be a critical factor in the landslide’s stability, and the tendency of the unstable slope for null movement (total stability) was related to the water table lowering process, which needs more than 10 years to occur due to regional and climatic issues. Results showed a good performance of the stabilization measures to control the landslide, demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach followed, and which became an example of a good response to the classical engineering duality cost–safety.

Characterization of Spatial and Temporal Variability of Crassostrea spp. Spat Settlement to Ascertain Allocable Sites for Spat Collection at Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tashrif Mahmud Minhaz ◽  
Joyshri Sarker ◽  
Mohammed Nurul Absar Khan ◽  
Helena Khatoon ◽  
Md Abdul Alim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Spat Collection ◽  
Spat Settlement

Regionalized phosphorus fate factors for freshwater eutrophication in Bahia, Brazil: an analysis of spatial and temporal variability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maíra Caetano de Andrade ◽  
Cássia Maria Lie Ugaya ◽  
José Adolfo de Almeida Neto ◽  
Luciano Brito Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Freshwater Eutrophication
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