Testicular cancer in nine northern european countries

This paper explores trends in beverage preference in adolescents, identifies related regional differences, and examines cluster differences in key drinking measures. Data were obtained from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD), covering 24 European countries between 1999 and 2019. Trends in the distribution of alcoholic beverages on the participants’ most recent drinking occasion were analysed by sex and country using fractional multinomial logit regression. Clusters of countries based on trends and predicted beverage proportions were compared regarding the prevalence of drinkers, mean alcohol volume and prevalence of heavy drinking. Four distinct clusters each among girls and boys emerged. Among girls, there was not one type of beverage that was preferred across clusters, but the proportion of cider/alcopops strongly increased over time in most clusters. Among boys, the proportion of beer decreased, but was dominant across time in all clusters. Only northern European countries formed a geographically defined region with the highest prevalence of heavy drinking and average alcohol volume in both genders. Adolescent beverage preferences are associated with mean alcohol volume and heavy drinking at a country-level. Future approaches to drinking cultures need to take subpopulations such as adolescents into account.

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Influenza activity remains at high levels in some European countries

Weekly releases (1997–2007) ◽

10.2807/esw.06.13.02106-en ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 6 (13) ◽

Author(s):

T Vega ◽

W J Paget

Keyword(s):

European Countries ◽

Influenza Surveillance ◽

Northern European ◽

Influenza Activity ◽

Surveillance Scheme

While most national and subnational networks in Europe reported low clinical morbidity rates to the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS, http://www.eiss.org) in the week 17 March (week 11), some central and northern European countries continued to report high or increasing levels of influenza activity (1).

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Parentalization of Same-Sex Couples: Family Formation and Leave Rights in Five Northern European Countries

The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_16 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 397-428

Author(s):

Marie Evertsson ◽

Eva Jaspers ◽

Ylva Moberg

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Transition To Parenthood ◽

Family Formation ◽

European Countries ◽

Same Sex ◽

Same Sex Couples ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Northern European ◽

Laws And Policies ◽

Married Female

AbstractThis chapter introduces the concept of parentalization, defined as the ability to become parents and be recognized as such, both legally and via social policies. Applying the concept to same-sex couples, we examine how states may facilitate or hinder the transition to parenthood through laws and policies in five Northern European countries; Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the Netherlands. Trends in the number of children zero years of age in married/cohabiting same-sex couples suggest a link between parentalization and realized parenthood. As partly indicated by these trends, parentalization is a gendered concept, and parenthood is more readily available to some couples than to others. Perhaps most importantly, very few same-sex couples have been able to jointly adopt a child. The fact that married female couples face fewer barriers to parentalization than other non-traditional couples partly reflects dominant norms on gender and motherhood.

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Plea Bargaining Changing Nordic Criminal Procedure: Sweden and Finland as Examples

10.1007/978-3-030-74851-7_14 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 255-269

Author(s):

Laura Ervo

Keyword(s):

Conflict Resolution ◽

Procedural Justice ◽

Plea Bargaining ◽

Legal Culture ◽

European Countries ◽

Court Culture ◽

Criminal Proceedings ◽

System A ◽

Northern European ◽

New Type

AbstractA plea bargaining system is a novelty and originally a legal transplant in Northern European countries. It exists—in some form—for instance in Finland, Norway and Denmark, whereas in Sweden only the system of crown witnesses is likely to be introduced. In this chapter plea bargaining is put into the East-Nordic—Finnish and Swedish—contexts. How does plea bargaining fit into the East-Nordic court culture? Which ingredients does the contemporary legal culture consist of? In which way is court culture changing due to the new values in the society? Or are the amendments made primarily to reduce the costs of the state? Fairness, procedural justice, conflict resolution, negotiated law, pragmatically acceptable compromise, procedural truth, court service, communication and interaction are examples of the topics that are currently discussed in Finland and Sweden. At the same time, the use of written proceedings and proceedings in the absence of an accused are increasing. Is the plea bargaining system a step towards a more effective and economic criminal procedural system or is it mirroring new type of thinking concerning criminal proceedings? In this chapter, these elements are discussed. Finland is used as a main example. The Finnish situation is also compared with Sweden.

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Evaluation of community planning and life of senior cohousing projects in northern European countries

European Planning Studies ◽

10.1080/0965431042000289296 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1189-1216 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Jung Shin Choi

Keyword(s):

Community Planning ◽

European Countries ◽

Northern European

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Conclusion

After Lavinia ◽

10.7591/cornell/9781501707575.003.0008 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

John Watkins

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Cold War ◽

International Relations ◽

First Century ◽

European Countries ◽

The West ◽

Post Cold War ◽

Northern European ◽

Global Peace ◽

Legal Rationality

This concluding chapter reflects on marriage in the contemporary West, noting that it has become an affective arrangement. In Britain and the northern European countries that still retain a constitutional form of monarchy, twenty-first-century royalty now prefer their own subjects as marriage partners, even if it means marrying a commoner like Kate Middleton. To the extent that these marriages to indigenous commoners have any bearing on foreign policy, they reaffirm the nationalist sentiments of the post-Westphalian state. The chapter argues that, despite all the legal rationality, global peace remains as elusive now as it was when Europeans tried to settle their quarrels through interdynastic marriage. It suggests that the opposition between the West and its post-Cold War enemies has brought the matter of gender and the place of women once more to the center of international relations.

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Insights from Northern European Countries and Regions

Geographies of Disruption ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-03207-4_7 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 59-100

Author(s):

Tan Yigitcanlar ◽

Tommi Inkinen

Keyword(s):

European Countries ◽

Northern European

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Preventive Services in Occupational Health and Safety in Europe: Developments and Trends in the 1990s

International Journal of Health Services ◽

10.2190/e15f-t03v-bdlv-t3rh ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 247-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

David R. Walters

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Occupational Health ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Preventive Services ◽

Occupational Health And Safety ◽

European Countries ◽

Small Enterprises ◽

The European Union ◽

Northern European

This article outlines the legislative requirements for preventive services in health and safety in 13 European countries and considers the implementation and coverage of such services. The author identifies the predominant models of preventive services operating in the European Union, then assesses the influence of the E.U. Framework Directive 89/391 on the development and integration of preventive services and the role of workers in their organization and accountability. Significant differences exist in the extent and functions of preventive services in European countries, including differences in coverage between southern and northern European countries, different degrees to which employees in small enterprises and large enterprises are covered by preventive services, and overall differences in legislative approach.

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