14‐3‐3ζ is crucial for the conversion of labile short‐term object recognition memory into stable long‐term memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Navarro‐Lobato ◽  
Mariam Masmudi‐Martín ◽  
Maria E. Quiros‐Ortega ◽  
Celia Gaona‐Romero ◽  
Marta Carretero‐Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Object Recognition Memory

scholarly journals A Multivariate Assessment of Age-Related Cognitive Impairment in Octodon degus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela S. Rivera ◽  
Carolina B. Lindsay ◽  
Carolina A. Oliva ◽  
Francisco Bozinovic ◽  
Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Barnes Maze ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent

Aging is a progressive functional decline characterized by a gradual deterioration in physiological function and behavior. The most important age-related change in cognitive function is decline in cognitive performance (i.e., the processing or transformation of information to make decisions that includes speed of processing, working memory, and learning). The purpose of this study is to outline the changes in age-related cognitive performance (i.e., short-term recognition memory and long-term learning and memory) in long-lived Octodon degus. The strong similarity between degus and humans in social, metabolic, biochemical, and cognitive aspects makes it a unique animal model for exploring the mechanisms underlying the behavioral and cognitive deficits related to natural aging. In this study, we examined young adult female degus (12- and 24-months-old) and aged female degus (38-, 56-, and 75-months-old) that were exposed to a battery of cognitive-behavioral tests. Multivariate analyses of data from the Social Interaction test or Novel Object/Local Recognition (to measure short-term recognition memory), and the Barnes maze test (to measure long-term learning and memory) revealed a consistent pattern. Young animals formed a separate group of aged degus for both short- and long-term memories. The association between the first component of the principal component analysis (PCA) from short-term memory with the first component of the PCA from long-term memory showed a significant negative correlation. This suggests age-dependent differences in both memories, with the aged degus having higher values of long-term memory ability but poor short-term recognition memory, whereas in the young degus an opposite pattern was found. Approximately 5% of the young and 80% of the aged degus showed an impaired short-term recognition memory; whereas for long-term memory about 32% of the young degus and 57% of the aged degus showed decreased performance on the Barnes maze test. Throughout this study, we outlined age-dependent cognitive performance decline during natural aging in degus. Moreover, we also demonstrated that the use of a multivariate approach let us explore and visualize complex behavioral variables, and identified specific behavioral patterns that allowed us to make powerful conclusions that will facilitate further the study on the biology of aging. In addition, this study could help predict the onset of the aging process based on behavioral performance.

scholarly journals Conversion of short-term to long-term memory in the novel object recognition paradigm

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 174-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon J. Moore ◽  
Kaivalya Deshpande ◽  
Gwen S. Stinnett ◽  
Audrey F. Seasholtz ◽  
Geoffrey G. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Novel Object

scholarly journals BDNF as a Putative Target for Standardized Extract of Ginkgo biloba-Induced Persistence of Object Recognition Memory

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3326
Author(s):  
Beatriz G. Muratori ◽  
Cláudia R. Zamberlam ◽  
Thaís B. Mendes ◽  
Bruno H. N. Nozima ◽  
Janete M. Cerutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Object Recognition Memory

Despite considerable progress on the study of the effect of standardized extract of Gingko biloba (EGb) on memory processes, our understanding of its role in the persistence of long-term memory (LTM) and the molecular mechanism underlying its effect, particularly episodic-like memory, is limited. We here investigated the effects of EGb on the long-term retention of recognition memory and its persistence and BDNF expression levels in the dorsal hippocampal formation (DHF). Adult male Wistar rats (n = 10/group) were handled for 10 min/5 day. On day 6, the animals were treated with vehicle or 0.4 mg/kg diazepam (control groups) or with EGb (250, 500 or 100 mg/kg) 30 min before the training session (TR1), in which the animals were exposed to two sample objects. On day 7, all rats underwent a second training session (TR2) as described in the TR1 but without drug treatment. Object recognition memory (ORM) was evaluated on day 8 (retention test, T1) and day 9 (persistence test, T2). At the end of T1or T2, animals were decapitated, and DHF samples were frozen at −80 °C for analyses of the differential expression of BDNF by Western blotting. EGb-treated groups spent more time exploring the novel object in T2 and showed the highest recognition index (RI) values during the T1 and T2, which was associated with upregulation of BDNF expression in the DHF in a dose-and session-dependent manner. Our data reveal, for the first time, that EGb treatment before acquisition of ORM promotes persistence of LTM by BDNF differential expression.

scholarly journals Perineuronal net receptor PTPσ regulates retention of memories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Lesnikova ◽  
Plinio Casarotto ◽  
Caroline Biojone ◽  
Eero Castrén
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Perineuronal Nets ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

AbstractPerineuronal nets (PNNs) have an important physiological role in retention of learning by restricting cognitive flexibility. Their deposition peaks after developmental periods of intensive learning, usually in late childhood, and they help in long-term preservation of new acquired skills and information. Modulation of PNN function by various techniques enhances plasticity and regulates retention of memories, which may be beneficial when memory persistence entails negative symptoms such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study, we investigated the role of PTPσ (receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S, a phosphatase that is activated by binding of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans from PNNs) in retention of memories using novel object recognition and fear conditioning rodent models. We observed that mice haploinsufficient for PTPRS gene (PTPσ+/−), although having improved short-term object recognition memory, display impaired long-term memory in both novel object recognition and fear conditioning paradigm, as compared to WT littermates. However, PTPσ+/− mice didn’t show any differences in behavioral tests that do not heavily rely on cognitive flexibility, such as elevated plus maze, open field, marble burying and forced swimming test. Since PTPσ has been shown to interact with and dephosphorylate TRKB, we investigated activation of this receptor and its downstream pathways in limbic areas known to be associated with memory. We found that phosphorylation of TRKB and PLCγ are increased in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and amygdala of PTPσ+/− mice, but other TRKB-mediated signaling pathways are not affected. Our data suggest that disruption of PNN-PTPσ complex facilitates short-term memory by promoting TRKB phosphorylation in different brain areas, but that PTPσ activity is required for the retention of long-term memories. Inhibition of PTPσ or disruption of PNN-PTPσ-TRKB complex might be a potential target for disorders where negative modulation of the acquired memories can be beneficial.Conflict of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest.FundingThis work was supported by Doctoral Program in Integrative Life Science, Jalmari ja Rauha Ahokkaan Säätiö grant, Centre for International Mobility (CIMO) Grant TM-16-10112, and by grants from European Research Council (#322742), EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) CircProt (#301225 and #643417), Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, and the Academy of Finland (#294710 and #307416). None of the funders had a role in the data acquisition, analysis or manuscript preparation.Author contributionsPC, CB and EC designed the study; AL, PC and CB performed the experiments and analyzed the data; AL wrote the manuscript draft; AL, PC, CB and EC revised the manuscript.Contribution to the Field StatementPlasticity of neuronal networks increases brain’s ability to adapt and it is compromised in various conditions including psychiatric diseases, brain injuries, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Perineuronal nets, through their receptor PTPσ restrict neuronal plasticity in adult brain, which is considered important for the retention of long-term memories. We have previously shown that this restricted plasticity is mediated by inhibition by PTPσ of the TRKB neurotrophin receptor. We have now investigated the biochemical and behavioral phenotype of mice with reduced PTPσ expression. We observed that PTPσ+/− mice have increased phosphorylation of TRKB and its downstream partner PLCγ1 in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala, demonstrating chronic overactivation of plasticity-related pathways. Consistently, PTPσ+/− mice demonstrated facilitated learning but impaired long-term memory retention. Unexpectedly, long-term memory of PTPσ+/− mice was impaired, suggesting that perneuronal net-stimulated PTPσ activity is important in memory retention. This effect of neuronal “hyperplasticity” induced by PTPσ knockout may be both beneficial and harmful in the treatment of human patients, which should be taken into account when developing therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Auditory stimulation with Mozart sonata k-448 and heavy metal music improves short-term memory in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joice Anaize Tonon do Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Metal Music ◽  
Heavy Metal Music

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the effect of both classical and heavy metal music on short-term and long-term memory.METHODS: Male rats were separated into three groups: Mozart (n=14), rats were exposed to Mozart´s K-448 piano sonata; Heavy Metal (n=15), rats were exposed to Psychosocial (band: Slipknot), and Control (n=12), rats were exposed to ambient sounds in an acoustically isolated room. The animals were exposed to the music for 8 hours per day, between 10:00 pm to 06:00 am, with an intensity of 50-75 dB, for 61 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the final day of adjustment to the enclosure the animals were individually exposed for 5 minutes in the enclosure to explore two identical objects. Ninety minutes after the object recognition training session, the animals were submitted to the short-term memory test and twenty-eight days after the object recognition training session, the animals were submitted to a long-term memory test.RESULTS: There was no modification amongst the three groups during the object recognition training. Regarding the short-term memory test both Mozart (U=33.00, p=0.016, FDR-corrected) and Heavy Metal (U=44.00, p=0.033, FDR-corrected) groups revealed a higher percentage value of significance compared to the control group. In contrast, there was no significant change in relation to the long-term memory test.CONCLUSION: Mozart Sonata K-448 and heavy metal music achieved beneficial effects on the short-term memory in rats.

scholarly journals Perineuronal Net Receptor PTPσ Regulates Retention of Memories

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Lesnikova ◽  
Plinio Casarotto ◽  
Rafael Moliner ◽  
Senem Merve Fred ◽  
Caroline Biojone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Perineuronal Net ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Novel Object

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) have an important physiological role in the retention of learning by restricting cognitive flexibility. Their deposition peaks after developmental periods of intensive learning, usually in late childhood, and they help in long-term preservation of newly acquired skills and information. Modulation of PNN function by various techniques enhances plasticity and regulates the retention of memories, which may be beneficial when memory persistence entails negative symptoms such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study, we investigated the role of PTPσ [receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S, a phosphatase that is activated by binding of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) from PNNs] in retention of memories using Novel Object Recognition and Fear Conditioning models. We observed that mice haploinsufficient for PTPRS gene (PTPσ+/–), although having improved short-term object recognition memory, display impaired long-term memory in both Novel Object Recognition and Fear Conditioning paradigm, as compared to WT littermates. However, PTPσ+/– mice did not show any differences in behavioral tests that do not heavily rely on cognitive flexibility, such as Elevated Plus Maze, Open Field, Marble Burying, and Forced Swimming Test. Since PTPσ has been shown to interact with and dephosphorylate TRKB, we investigated activation of this receptor and its downstream pathways in limbic areas known to be associated with memory. We found that phosphorylation of TRKB and PLCγ are increased in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdaloid complex of PTPσ+/– mice, but other TRKB-mediated signaling pathways are not affected. Our data suggest that PTPσ downregulation promotes TRKB phosphorylation in different brain areas, improves short-term memory performance but disrupts long-term memory retention in the tested animal models. Inhibition of PTPσ or disruption of PNN-PTPσ-TRKB complex might be a potential target for disorders where negative modulation of the acquired memories can be beneficial.

Mice deficient for striatal Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter (VAChT) display impaired short-term but normal long-term object recognition memory

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Palmer ◽  
Samantha Creighton ◽  
Vania F. Prado ◽  
Marco A.M. Prado ◽  
Elena Choleris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Object Recognition Memory

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

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