Lysis of intact yeast cells and isolated cell walls by an inducible enzyme system of Arthrobacter GJM-1

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-402
Author(s):  
M. Vršanská ◽  
Z. Krátký ◽  
P. Biely
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Inducible Enzyme ◽  
Isolated Cell

scholarly journals The separation of β-glucanases produced by Cytophaga johnsonii and their role in the lysis of yeast cell walls

1970 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. D. Bacon ◽  
A. H. Gordon ◽  
D. Jones ◽  
Irene F. Tayor ◽  
D. M. Webley
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
End Products ◽  
Isolated Cell

1. When Cytophaga johnsonii was grown in the presence of suitable inducers the culture fluid was capable of lysing thiol-treated yeast cell walls in vitro. 2. Autoclaved or alkali-extracted cells, isolated cell walls and glucan preparations made from them were effective inducers, but living yeast cells or cells killed by minimal heat treatment were not. 3. Chromatographic fractionation of lytic culture fluids showed the presence of two types of endo-β-(1→3)-glucanase and several β-(1→6)-glucanases; the latter may be induced separately by growing the myxo-bacterium in the presence of lutean. 4. Extensive solubilization of yeast cell walls was obtained only with preparations of one of these glucanases, an endo-β-(1→3)-glucanase producing as end products mainly oligosaccharides having five or more residues. Lysis by the other endo-β-(1→3)-glucanase was incomplete. 5. The β-(1→6)-glucanases produced a uniform thinning of the cell walls, and mannan–peptide was found in the solution. 6. These results, and the actions of the enzyme preparations on a variety of wall-derived preparations made from baker's yeast, are discussed in the light of present conceptions of yeast cell-wall structure.

Différences structurales des peptidomannanes pariétaux chez le Kluyvetomyces lactis, entre souches floculante et non floculante

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 323-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bellal ◽  
S. Benallaoua ◽  
L. Elfoul ◽  
R. Bonaly
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Kluyveromyces Lactis ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Elimination Reaction ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Flocculating Yeast ◽  
Rigid Matrix ◽  
Isolated Cell

Two strains, flocculating and nonflocculating, of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis were grown in a Sabouraud's liquid medium containing 0.07 mM Ca. Treatment by ethylenediamine of isolated cell walls yielded three fractions: A, B, and C. Fraction A, soluble in ethylenediamine, contained phosphopeptidomannan-like hydrosoluble polymers; these constituted the external wall of the parietal layer. Phosphopeptidomannans have also been extracted from entire yeast cells autoclaved at 140 °C in a citrate buffer at pH 7.0. The flocculating and nonflocculating states of yeasts showed structural and quantitative variations in phosphopeptidomannans. The walls of the flocculating yeast cells contained higher amounts of peripheral polymers, the molecular masses of which were greater than those of nonflocculating yeast cells. These are the result of a more complex structure, due to the presence of a greater number of ramifications containing three or four mannose units. Analysis of the acetolysis products revealed in fact the release esentially of phosphorylated mannotriose and mannotetraose units by the flocculating yeast phosphopeptidomannans, while polymers of the nonflocculating yeast were characterized by the presence of mannobiose units. When such polymers were submitted to a β-elimination reaction, mannobiose and mannose units were liberated in such a ratio that mannobiose units appeared to be more numerous in flocculating yeast cells. A lectin extracted from the flocculating strain was incubated with erythrocytes activated by phophopeptidomannans derived from flocculating and nonflocculating yeasts and showed clearly that the more agglutinated erythrocytes were those activated by polymers derived from the flocculating yeast. The C fraction, insoluble in ethylenediamine, corresponded to the wall rigid matrix. The study of its chemical composition revealed no significative difference between the flocculating and the nonflocculating strains.Key words: Kluyveromyces lactis, phosphopeptidomannans, flocculation.[Journal translation]not available

scholarly journals STUDIES ON BACTERIOPHAGES OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI

1957 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Phage Antibody ◽  
Group A ◽  
Phage Receptor ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid Capsule ◽  
Isolated Cell

The host ranges of bacteriophages for group A, types 1, 6, 12, and 25 and group C streptococci have been determined. The findings indicate that the susceptibility to these phages is primarily a group-specific phenomenon, although it is modified by several factors such as the hyaluronic acid capsule, lysogeny, and possibly the presence of surface proteins. Phage antibody studies indicate that while the group A phages are antigenically related, they are distinct from the group C phage. This is in agreement with the observation that group A phages are not specific for their homologous streptococcal types. The purified group C carbohydrate inactivates group C phage but not the group A phages, thus suggesting that the carbohydrate, a component of the cell wall, may serve as the phage receptor site. It has not been possible to inactivate the group A phages with group A carbohydrate. Phage lysis of groups A and C streptococci is accompanied by fragmentation of the cell wall since the C carbohydrate has been identified serologically and chemically in the supernate of centrifuged lysates. The immediate lysis of groups A and C hemolytic streptococci and their isolated cell walls by an accesory heat-labile lytic factor in fresh group C lysates is also described.

Freezing stresses and hydration of isolated cell walls

Cryobiology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghyeon Yoon ◽  
Jim Pope ◽  
Joe Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Isolated Cell

Effects of an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme preparation on in vitro ruminal fermentation of three forages and their isolated cell walls

2008 ◽  
Vol 145 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Ranilla ◽  
M.L. Tejido ◽  
L.A. Giraldo ◽  
J.M. Tricárico ◽  
M.D. Carro
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Isolated Cell

scholarly journals Ionic Relations of Cells of Ohara Australis I. Ion Exchange in the Cell Wall

1959 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Dainty ◽  
AB Hope
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Donnan Free Space ◽  
Isolated Cell

Measurements of ion exchange were made between isolated cell walls of Ohara australis and an external solution. Comparison between intact cells and cell walls showed that nearly all the easily exchangeable cations are located in the cell wall. The wall is hown to consist of "water free space" (W.F.S.) and "Donnan free space" (D.F.S.); the concentration of in diffusible anions in the D.F.S. is about O� 6 equivjl. This finding is contrary to past suggestions that the D.F.S. is in the cytoplasm of plant cells.

A relationship between cell wall composition and mutant morphology in the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 809-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu-Sheng Wang ◽  
Marvin N. Schwalb ◽  
Philip G. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Cell Wall Composition ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Morphological Mutants ◽  
Mutant Forms ◽  
Isolated Cell

Mechanically isolated cell walls of normal homokaryons and the morphological mutants thin and puff were fractionated and hydrolyzed by chemical procedures. The yields of fractionated materials and the glucose/hexosamine ratios of acid hydrolysates were determined. Results of statistical analyses of the values obtained from these determinations indicated that single-gene mutations causing the thin and puff mutant forms of this fungus produce specific differences in the composition of cell walls.

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