The breeding biology of the fairy martin, Hirundo ariel,
was studied over three years (1992–95) in the Yarra Valley, Victoria.
Adult males and females in this population were morphologically similar,
though only females acquired a brood patch during the breeding season.
Colonies ranged in size from 8 to 29 nests. Birds arrived in the study area in
September and usually commenced laying in October, though nesting activities
were generally asynchronous both between and within colonies. Most colonies
contained active nests until February. At least 16% of adults and
5% of fledglings, on average, returned to the study area in the
following year. Returning adults generally nested at the same colony site as
the previous year, while most first-year birds nested at sites other than
their natal colony. Adult males were more likely to return than adult females.
Clutch size ranged from 2 to 5, with a mean of 3.5, and declined over the
season. The incubation period varied from 12 to 18 days with a mean of 13.7. A
mean of 1.8 chicks fledged per completed clutch, while 60% of clutches
produced at least one chick. The period from hatching to fledging varied from
17 to 32 days, with a mean of 22.1, and increased with brood size. Fledging
success was highest during the middle of the breeding season. Adverse weather
conditions, resulting in the abandonment of clutch and brood, were the most
common cause of nest failure, and on several occasions also resulted in adult
mortality. Almost half the breeding females produced at least two clutches in
the one season. Pairs produced from 0 to 8 fledglings per season, with those
that commenced nesting earlier in the season having higher annual
productivity. These results are discussed in relation to the breeding ecology
of other members of the Hirundinidae.
Nest site selection and breeding ecology of the Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca) in Algeria
