Optimal control study to enhance oil production in labscale Vapex by varying solvent injection pressure with time

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hameed Muhamad ◽  
Simant R. Upreti ◽  
Ali Lohi ◽  
Huu Doan
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Solvent Injection ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Optimal Control of Vapor Extraction of Heavy Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hameed Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Vapor Extraction ◽  
Solvent Injection ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Optimal Policies

Vapor extraction (Vapex) process is an emerging technology for viscous oil recovery that has gained much attention in the oil industry. However, the oil production rates in Vapex are too low to make it attractive for field implementation. Although several researchers have investigated several aspects of Vapex, there are few reported attempts to enhance oil production in Vapex. This research aims to enhance the same using solvent injection pressure versus time as a control function. For this purpose, the necessary conditions for maximum heavy oil production are derived based on a detailed mass transfer model of the Vapex experiment carried out in this work. These conditions are then used to develop an optimal control algorithm to determine the optimal solvent injection pressure polices to maximize oil production in Vapex. The optimal policies successfully generate 20–35% increase in experimental oil production with propane and butane as pure solvents, and heavy oil of 14,500 mPa·s viscosity in lab scale reservoirs of 25 and 45 cm heights, and 204 Darcy permeability. The accuracy of optimal control is experimentally validated. The results show that the experimental oil production values from the optimal policies are within ± 5% of those predicted by the optimal control algorithm.

scholarly journals Optimal Control of Vapor Extraction of Heavy Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hameed Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Vapor Extraction ◽  
Solvent Injection ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Optimal Policies

Vapor extraction (Vapex) process is an emerging technology for viscous oil recovery that has gained much attention in the oil industry. However, the oil production rates in Vapex are too low to make it attractive for field implementation. Although several researchers have investigated several aspects of Vapex, there are few reported attempts to enhance oil production in Vapex. This research aims to enhance the same using solvent injection pressure versus time as a control function. For this purpose, the necessary conditions for maximum heavy oil production are derived based on a detailed mass transfer model of the Vapex experiment carried out in this work. These conditions are then used to develop an optimal control algorithm to determine the optimal solvent injection pressure polices to maximize oil production in Vapex. The optimal policies successfully generate 20–35% increase in experimental oil production with propane and butane as pure solvents, and heavy oil of 14,500 mPa·s viscosity in lab scale reservoirs of 25 and 45 cm heights, and 204 Darcy permeability. The accuracy of optimal control is experimentally validated. The results show that the experimental oil production values from the optimal policies are within ± 5% of those predicted by the optimal control algorithm.

scholarly journals The Optimal Felling Rate in the Palm Oil Plantation System

MATEMATIKA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Mohd Ismail Abd Aziz ◽  
Noryanti Nasir ◽  
Akbar Banitalebi
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Carbon Absorption ◽  
Plantation System

Successful palm oil plantation should have high returns profit, clean and environmental friendly. Since oil palm trees have a long life and it takes years to be fully grown, controlling the felling rate of the palm oil trees is a fundamental challenge. It needs to be addressed in order to maximize oil production. However, a good arrangement of the felling palm oil trees may still affect the amount of carbon absorption. The objective of this study is to develop an optimal felling model of the palm oil plantation system taking into account both oil production and carbon absorption. The model facilitates in providing the optimal control of felling rate that results in maximizing both oil production and carbon absorption. With this aim, the model is formulated considering palm oil biomass, carbon absorption rate, oil production rate and the average prices of carbon and oil palm. A set of real data is used to estimate the parameters of the model and numerical simulation is conducted to highlight the application of the proposed model. The resulting parameter estimation is solved that leads to an optimal control of felling rate problem.

Combined Cyclic Solvent Injection and Waterflooding in the Post-Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand Reservoirs

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 418-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongze Ma ◽  
Desheng Huang ◽  
Gaoming Yu ◽  
Yuehui She ◽  
Yongan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Solvent Injection

scholarly journals Reducing the Energy and Steam Consumption of SAGD Through Cyclic Solvent Co-Injection

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Manfre Jaimes ◽  
Ian D. Gates ◽  
Matthew Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Solvent Injection ◽  
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Number Of Cycles

The amount of oil that is contained in the Canadian oil sands represent the third largest oil accumulation in the world. Approximately half of the daily oil production from the oil sands comes from mining processes and the other half is produced mostly using steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). This method is effective at reducing the viscosity of the oil. However, the generation of steam requires a significant amount of energy. Thus, there is an ongoing effort to reduce the energy needed to produce oil from the oil sands. In this article the intermittent injection of a solvent, along with steam, is investigated as a means of reducing the amount of energy required to extract oil from the Canadian oil sands. A simulation-based study examined the effect of the type of solvent, the cycles’ duration, the solvent concentration and the number of cycles. The simulations covered a time span of 10 years during which several different solvents (methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, and CO2) were injected under varying injection schedules. The solvents that were investigated are compounds that are likely to be readily available at a heavy oil production site. The solvent injection periods ranged from six to 24 months in length. The results reveal that SAGD combined with intermittent injection of hexane resulted in the most significant improvement to the cumulative oil production and in the cumulative energy-oil ratio (cEOR). Compared to SAGD without solvent injection, the cumulative oil production was increased by 45% and the cEOR was reduced by 23%. It was also seen that the performance of the proposed process is highly dependent on the resulting physical properties of the solvent-bitumen mixture. Finally, a simplified economic analysis also identified SAGD with intermittent hexane injection as the scheme that resulted in the highest net present value. Compared to SAGD without solvent injection, the intermittent injection of hexane led to an 85% increase in the net present value.

scholarly journals Analytical Modeling of the Cyclic ES-SAGD Process

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4243
Author(s):  
Diego Manfre Jaimes ◽  
Matthew Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Steam Consumption ◽  
Solvent Injection ◽  
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Injection Cycle ◽  
Good Agreement

Approximately half of the daily oil production from the Canadian oil sands comes from the application of steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). Due to the high steam requirements of SAGD, many studies have focused on solvent injection as a means of reducing the steam consumption. One of the multiple variations of the steam-solvent injection process consists on the intermittent co-injection of solvent with steam, also known as a cyclic expanding-solvent (ES)-SAGD process. The current study represents a first attempt to create an analytical model that can describe a cyclic ES-SAGD process. The proposed analytical model uses previous SAGD and ES-SAGD models to describe the steam plus solvent stages of the process. The results obtained from the analytical model were contrasted against numerical simulation results for cases in which the solvent was hexane, pentane, and butane, as well as for cases in which hexane is a solvent and the injection cycle length is variable. In all cases, it was seen that the cumulative oil production computed by the analytical model and the numerical model are in good agreement. Over the range of conditions that were tested the absolute relative difference in the cumulative oil production, after a period of 10 years, ranged from 8.6% to 9.4%, with a median value of 9%. However, compared to the numerical simulations, the analytical model did not fully match the oil rate and the steam chamber shape. This difference was attributed to the analytical model’s simplified description of heat and mass transfer during the process. Thus, it is recommended that further studies be conducted, and recommendations for further investigations are given.

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