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The potential use of stem cell-based therapies for the repair and regeneration of various
tissues and organs offers a paradigm shift in regenerative medicine. The use of either embryonic stem
cells (ESC) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in clinical situations is limited because of regulations
and ethical considerations even though these cells are theoretically highly beneficial. While clinically,
adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are one of the most widely used types of stem cells used
more than five years in clinically setting. It has many advantages including; yields a high number of
ADSCs per volume of tissue, high rate of proliferation, anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammation,
immunomodulation, and paracrine mechanisms have been demonstrated in various preclinical studies.
It is much easier to harvest compared with bone marrow stem cells. Results of clinical studies have
demonstrated the potentials of ADSCs for stem cells therapy for a number of clinical disorders. The
aim of this paper was to provide an update on the most recent developments of ADSCs, by highlighting
the properties and features of ADSCs, critically discussing its clinical benefit and its clinical trials in
treatment and regeneration. This is a multi-billion dollars industry with huge interest to clinician, academia
and industries.