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Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease. It is related to long-lasting granulomatous fibrosis and inflammation of target organs, and current sub-optimal pharmacological treatment awakens global public health concerns. Intravascular worms and eggs release antigens and extracellular vesicles that target host endothelial cells, modulate the immune
system, and stimulate the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). ATP, one of the most studied DAMP,
triggers a cascade of autocrine and paracrine actions through purinergic P2X and P2Y receptors, which are shaped by ectonucleotidases (CD39). Both P2 receptor families, and in particular P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y12, and P2X7 receptors, have been
attracting increasing interest in several inflammatory diseases and drug development. Current data obtained in the murine
model unveil a CD39-ADP-P2Y1/P2Y12 receptors signaling pathway linked to liver and mesenteric exacerbations of schistosomal inflammation. Therefore, we propose that members of this purinergic signaling could be putative pharmacological
targets to reduce schistosomal morbidity.