Abstract. Combining historical climatology and environmental history, this
article examines the diverse range of strategies deployed by the city
government of Barcelona (Catalonia, NE Spain) to confront the recurrent
drought episodes experienced between 1626 and 1650. Our reconstruction of
drought in Barcelona for the period 1525–1821, based on pro pluvia rogations as
documentary proxy data, identifies the years 1626–1635 and the 1640s as the most
significant drought events of the series (highest drought frequency weighted
index and drought duration index). We then focus on the period 1601–1650,
providing a timeline that visualises rain rogation levels in Barcelona at a
monthly resolution. Against this backdrop, we examine institutional
responses to drought and discuss how water scarcity was perceived and
confronted by Barcelona city authorities. Among the several measures
implemented, we present the ambitious water supply projects launched by the
city government, together with the construction of windmills as an
alternative to watermills, as a diversification strategy aimed at coping
better with diminishing water flows. We pay special attention to the
institutional efforts to codify the knowledge about Barcelona's water
supply, which in 1650 resulted in the Book of Fountains of the City of
Barcelona (Llibre de les Fonts de la Ciutat de Barcelona). This manual of urban water supply, written by the city water
officer after 3 decades of experience in his post, constitutes a rare
and valuable source to study water management history but also includes
significant information to interpret historical climate. We analyse the
production of this manual in the context of 3 decades marked by
recurrent episodes of severe drought. We interpret the city government
aspiration to codify knowledge about urban water supply as an attempt to
systematise and store historical information on infrastructure to improve
institutional capacities to cope with future water scarcities.