scholarly journals Bayesian restricted spatial regression for examining session features and patient outcomes in open-enrollment group therapy studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Paddock ◽  
Thomas J. Leininger ◽  
Sarah B. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Open Enrollment ◽  
Therapy Studies ◽  
Restricted Spatial Regression

Understanding module effects in open-enrollment group therapy studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. e167
Author(s):  
Susan M. Paddock ◽  
T. Leininger ◽  
Sarah B. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Open Enrollment ◽  
Therapy Studies

Restricted spatial regression in practice: geostatistical models, confounding, and robustness under model misspecification

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ephraim M. Hanks ◽  
Erin M. Schliep ◽  
Mevin B. Hooten ◽  
Jennifer A. Hoeting
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Model Misspecification ◽  
Geostatistical Models ◽  
Restricted Spatial Regression

Early experience with stent retrievers and comparison with previous-generation mechanical thrombectomy devices for acute ischemic stroke

2014 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Deshaies ◽  
Amit Singla ◽  
Mark R. Villwock ◽  
David J. Padalino ◽  
Sameer Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Thrombectomy Device ◽  
Stent Retrievers ◽  
Solitaire Fr ◽  
Therapy Studies

Object There is limited information regarding patient outcomes following interventions for stroke during the window for endovascular therapy. Studies have suggested that recently approved stent retrievers are safer and more effective than earlier-generation thrombectomy devices. The authors compared cases in which the Solitaire-FR device was used to those in which a MERCI or Penumbra device was used. Methods This study is a single-center retrospective review of 102 consecutive cases of acute stroke in which patients were treated with mechanical thrombectomy devices between 2007 and 2013. Multivariate models, adjusted for confounding factors, were used to investigate functional independence (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score ≤ 2, and successful reperfusion (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [TICI] score ≥ 2b). Results Thrombectomy device had a significant impact on functional independence (mRS score ≤ 2) at discharge from the hospital (p = 0.040). Solitaire-FR treatment resulted in significantly more patients being discharged as functionally independent in comparison with MERCI treatment (p = 0.016). A multivariate model found the use of Solitaire-FR to improve the odds of good clinical outcome in comparison with prior-generation devices (OR 6.283, 95% CI 1.785–22.119, p = 0.004). Additionally, the use of Solitaire-FR significantly increased the odds of successful reperfusion (OR 3.247, 95% CI 1.160–9.090, p = 0.025). Conclusions The stent retriever Solitaire-FR significantly improved the odds of functional independence and successful revascularization of the arterial tree. New interventional technology for stroke continues to mature, but randomized trials are needed to establish the actual benefit to specific patient populations.

Causal inference under interference with prognostic scores for dynamic group therapy studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Han ◽  
Susan M. Paddock ◽  
Lane Burgette
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Prognostic Scores ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Dynamic Therapy ◽  
Session Attendance

Abstract Group therapy is a common treatment modality for behavioral health conditions. Patients often enter and exit groups on an ongoing basis, leading to dynamic therapy groups. Examining the effect of high versus low session attendance on patient outcomes is a research question of interest. However, there are several challenges to identifying causal effects in this setting, including the lack of randomization, interference among patients, and the interrelatedness of patient participation. Dynamic therapy groups motivate a unique causal inference scenario, as the treatment statuses are completely defined by the patient attendance record for the therapy session, which is also the structure inducing interference. We adopt the Rubin causal model framework to define the causal effect of high versus low session attendance of group therapy at both the individual patient and peer levels. We propose a strategy to identify individual, peer, and total effects of high attendance versus low attendance on patient outcomes by the prognostic score stratification. We examine performance of our approach via simulation and apply it to data from a group cognitive behavioral therapy trial for treating depression among patients in a substance use disorders treatment setting.

Laryngeal Manifestations of Autoimmune Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-456
Author(s):  
Jenny L. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
Referral Practices ◽  
Timely Referral

Purpose This review article provides an overview of autoimmune diseases and their effects on voice and laryngeal function. Method A literature review was conducted in PubMed. Combinations of the following keywords were used: “autoimmune disease and upper airway,” “larynx,” “cough,” “voice,” “dysphonia,” and “dyspnea.” Precedence was given to articles published in the past 10 years due to recent advances in this area and to review articles. Ultimately, 115 articles were included for review. Results Approximately 81 autoimmune diseases exist, with 18 of those highlighted in the literature as having laryngeal involvement. The general and laryngeal manifestations of these 18 are discussed in detail, in addition to the clinical implications for a laryngeal expert. Conclusions Voice, breathing, and cough symptoms may be an indication of underlying autoimmune disease. However, these symptoms are often similar to those in the general population. Appropriate differential diagnosis and timely referral practices maximize patient outcomes. Guidelines are provided to facilitate correct diagnosis when an autoimmune disease is suspected.

Effects of Physical Training on Stuttering

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Don Franks ◽  
Elizabeth B. Franks
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Group Therapy ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Physical Stress ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Response To Exercise

Eight college students enrolled in group therapy for stuttering were divided into two equal groups for 20 weeks. The training group supplemented therapy with endurance running and calisthenics three days per week. The subjects were tested prior to and at the conclusion of the training on a battery of stuttering tests and cardiovascular measures taken at rest, after stuttering, and after submaximal exercise. There were no significant differences (0.05 level) prior to training. At the conclusion of training, the training group was significandy better in cardiovascular response to exercise and stuttering. Although physical training did not significantly aid the reduction of stuttering as measured in this study, training did cause an increased ability to adapt physiologically to physical stress and to the stress of stuttering.

Measuring patient outcomes

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-138
Author(s):  
Jane H. Barnsteiner
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes

Intravascular ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of central venous diseases

VASA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Giuseppe D’Amico ◽  
Cristiano Quintini ◽  
Teresa Diago Uso ◽  
Sameer Gadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravascular Ultrasound ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Ivc Filter ◽  
Venous Anatomy ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Detailed Measurement ◽  
Filter Placement ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Venous Diseases

Summary: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has been used extensively in coronary applications. Its use in venous applications has increased as endovascular therapy has increasingly become the mainstay therapy for central venous diseases. IVUS has been used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in managing venous stenotic disease, venous occlusive disease, and IVC filter placement and removal. IVUS has been proven to be effective in providing detailed measurement of the venous anatomy, which aid in determining the appropriate size and the approach for venous stent placement. In IVC filter placement, IVUS can provide detailed measurement and guide IVC filter placement in emergent and critical care settings. It also has certain utility in filter removal. At any rate, to date there are only a few studies examining its impact on patient outcomes. Prospective randomized controlled trials are warranted in the future.

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