Challenges of Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury: Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Endogenous Neural Stem Cells or Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells?

Object Clinical use of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could circumvent immune rejection and bioethical issues associated with embryonic stem cells. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating trauma with long-lasting disability, and current therapeutic approaches are not satisfactory. In the present study, the authors used the neural stem sphere (NSS) method to differentiate iPSCs into astrocytes, which were evaluated after their transplantation into injured rat spinal cords. Methods Induced pluripotent stem cell–derived astrocytes were differentiated using the NSS method and injected 3 and 7 days after spinal contusion–based SCI. Control rats were injected with DMEM in the same manner. Locomotor recovery was assessed for 8 weeks, and sensory and locomotion tests were evaluated at 8 weeks. Immunohistological parameters were then assessed. Results Transplant recipients lived for 8 weeks without tumor formation. Transplanted cells stretched their processes along the longitudinal axis, but they did not merge with the processes of host GFAP-positive astrocytes. Locomotion was assessed in 3 ways, but none of the tests detected statistically significant improvements compared with DMEM-treated control rats after 8 weeks. Rather, iPSC transplantation caused even greater sensitivity to mechanical stimulus than DMEM treatment. Conclusions Astrocytes can be generated by serum treatment of NSS-generated cells derived from iPSCs. However, transplantation of such cells is poorly suited for repairing SCI.

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Stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury: The use of oligodendrocytes and motor neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells

Translational Research in Anatomy ◽

10.1016/j.tria.2015.10.003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 17-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nimer Adeeb ◽

Aman Deep ◽

Nicole Hose ◽

Mona Rezaei ◽

Salman Abbasi Fard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Motor Neurons ◽

Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Cord Injury

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Cell therapy for spinal cord injury using induced pluripotent stem cells

Regenerative Therapy ◽

10.1016/j.reth.2019.05.006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 75-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Narihito Nagoshi ◽

Osahiko Tsuji ◽

Masaya Nakamura ◽

Hideyuki Okano

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Induced Pluripotent

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Stem Cell Transplantation: A Promising Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x14666190823144424 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 321-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhe Gong ◽

Kaishun Xia ◽

Ankai Xu ◽

Chao Yu ◽

Chenggui Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Current Status ◽

Cord Injury

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) causes irreversible functional loss of the affected population. The incidence of SCI keeps increasing, resulting in huge burden on the society. The pathogenesis of SCI involves neuron death and exotic reaction, which could impede neuron regeneration. In clinic, the limited regenerative capacity of endogenous cells after SCI is a major problem. Recent studies have demonstrated that a variety of stem cells such as induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs) /Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) have therapeutic potential for SCI. However, the efficacy and safety of these stem cellbased therapy for SCI remain controversial. In this review, we introduce the pathogenesis of SCI, summarize the current status of the application of these stem cells in SCI repair, and discuss possible mechanisms responsible for functional recovery of SCI after stem cell transplantation. Finally, we highlight several areas for further exploitation of stem cells as a promising regenerative therapy of SCI.

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Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Disorders - A broad Overview

Journal of Regenerative Biology and Medicine ◽

10.37191/mapsci-2582-385x-3(6)-089 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fariha Khaliq

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Different Types ◽

Induced Pluripotent

Stem cell therapy is an approach to use cells that have the ability of self-renewal and to differentiate into different types of functional cells that are obtained from embryo and other postnatal sources to treat multiple disorders. These cells can be differentiated into different types of stem cells based on their specific characteristics to be totipotent, unipotent, multipotent or pluripotent. As potential therapy, pluripotent stem cells are considered to be the most interesting as they can be differentiated into different type of cells with similar characteristics as embryonic stem cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are adult cells that are reprogrammed genetically into stem cells from human fibroblasts through expressing genes and transcription factors at different time intervals. In this review, we will discuss the applications of stem cell therapy using iPSCs technology in treating neurodegenerative disorder such that Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). We have also broadly highlighted the significance of pluripotent stem cells in stem cell therapy.

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Transplantation of embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cells for spinal cord injury in adult mice

Neurological Research ◽

10.1179/016164105x63629 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 812-819 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Hajime Kimura ◽

Masahide Yoshikawa ◽

Ryousuke Matsuda ◽

Hayato Toriumi ◽

Fumihiko Nishimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Neural Stem Cells ◽

Embryonic Stem Cell ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Adult Mice ◽

Cord Injury

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Long-Distance Axonal Growth from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells after Spinal Cord Injury

Neuron ◽

10.1016/j.neuron.2014.07.014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 789-796 ◽

Cited By ~ 188

Author(s):

Paul Lu ◽

Grace Woodruff ◽

Yaozhi Wang ◽

Lori Graham ◽

Matt Hunt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Axonal Growth ◽

Long Distance ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Induced Pluripotent

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Stem Cell Secretome for Spinal Cord Repair: Is It More than Just a Random Baseline Set of Factors?

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10113214 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3214

Author(s):

Krisztián Pajer ◽

Tamás Bellák ◽

Antal Nógrádi

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Spinal Cord Injuries ◽

New Era ◽

Experimental Application ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Induced Pluripotent ◽

Spinal Cord Repair

Hundreds of thousands of people suffer spinal cord injuries each year. The experimental application of stem cells following spinal cord injury has opened a new era to promote neuroprotection and neuroregeneration of damaged tissue. Currently, there is great interest in the intravenous administration of the secretome produced by mesenchymal stem cells in acute or subacute spinal cord injuries. However, it is important to highlight that undifferentiated neural stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are able to adapt to the damaged environment and produce the so-called lesion-induced secretome. This review article focuses on current research related to the secretome and the lesion-induced secretome and their roles in modulating spinal cord injury symptoms and functional recovery, emphasizing different compositions of the lesion-induced secretome in various models of spinal cord injury.

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