Abstract
BackgroundThe existence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in Schneiderian membrane has not been determined. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there are MSCs in Schneiderian membrane, and the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on osteogenic differentiation of these cells and on new bone formation in maxillary sinus after maxillary sinus floor elevation.MethodsSchneiderian membrane derived mesenchymal stem cells (SM-MSCs) were isolate from rabbit maxillary sinus. Cells were identified by flow cytometry and multipotential differentiation. Real-time cell analysis assay, fluorescence staining, transwell assay, and wound healing assay were used to determine the effects of PRF stimulation on cell proliferation and migration. The osteogenic differentiation ability of cells stimulated by PRF or osteoinductive medium (OM) was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, PCR and Western blot. Equivalent volume Bio-oss and the mixture of Bio-oss and PRF were used as bone graft materials for maxillary sinus floor elevation. Micro-CT, bone double-staining, HE staining, Masson staining, and toluidine blue staining were used to evaluate the osteogenic effect in 8 and 12 weeks after surgery.ResultsThe cell surface markers were positive for expression of CD90, CD105, and negative for expression of CD34, CD45. SM-MSCs had the ability of osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. PRF can stimulate proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of SM-MSCs, which is achieved by up-regulating ERK 1/2 signaling pathway. PRF can accelerate the formation of new bone in maxillary sinus and increase the amount of new bone formation. ConclusionsMSCs exist in Schneiderian membrane, and PRF stimulation can promote cell proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation. The application of PRF in maxillary sinus floor elevation can accelerate bone healing and increase the quantity and quality of new bone.
Evaluation of a new biphasic calcium phosphate for maxillary sinus floor elevation: microcomputed tomography and histomorphometrical analysis