Micro Push-Out Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Dentin in Primary Dentition Using Three Universal Adhesives with Different pH: An In Vitro Study

To evaluate the bond strength of different universal adhesives on deciduous tooth dentineand their relationship with the composition and potential of hydrogen (pH). Methods: An in vitromicro push-out test on 150 samples (n = 50) per group per adhesive, namely, Adhese Universal(ADH; Ivoclar Vivadent), Futurabond U (FUT; Voco GmbH) (Test), and Scotchbond Universal withpre-conditioning (SCO; 3M) (Control), to record bond strength (BS) and type of adhesive failure.Results: The results of the different adhesives (megapascals (MPa)) varied, showing no statisticalsignificance. The corresponding averages are in MPa: ADH, 13.66 2.81; FUT, 14.48 2.88; SCO,14.98 3.96. Additionally, the frequency of type of failure was as follows: mixed (60.7%), adhesive(27.3%), and cohesive (12%). Conclusions: SCO, with a pH of 2.7, showed greater resistance tofracture, while FUT, with a pH of 2.3 and no pre-conditioning, approached the same values, being aone-step adhesive. No relationship was found between failure and type of adhesive.

RNA analysis based on a small number of manually isolated fixed cells (RNA-snMIFxC) to profile stem cells from human deciduous tooth-derived dental pulp cells

Background Expression of stemness factors, such as octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT3/4), sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in human deciduous tooth-derived dental pulp cells (HDDPCs) can be assessed through fixation and subsequent immuno- or cytochemical staining. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), a powerful system to collect cells of interest, is limited by the instrument cost and difficulty in handling. Magnetic-activated cell sorting is inexpensive compared to FACS, but is confined to cells with surface expression of the target molecule. In this study, a simple and inexpensive method was developed for the molecular analysis of immuno- or cytochemically stained cells with intracellular expression of a target molecule, through isolation of a few cells under a dissecting microscope using a mouthpiece-controlled micropipette. Results Two or more colored cells (~ 10), after staining with a chromogen such a 3,3′-diaminobenzidine, were successfully segregated from unstained cells. Expression of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a housekeeping gene, was discernible in all samples, while the expression of stemness genes (such as OCT3/4, SOX2, and ALP) was confined to positively stained cells. Conclusion These findings indicate the fidelity of these approaches in profiling cells exhibiting cytoplasmic or nuclear localization of stemness-specific gene products at a small-scale.

Infants Teething Problems and Mothers' Beliefs in South East of Iran

Background: Teething is a physiological process, which usually does not cause problems. A variety of symptoms are ascribed to infant teething, despite little evidence to support such belief. The wrong beliefs and misconceptions about the symptoms of teething may present serious risks to infants. Objectives: This study aims for determination of the mothers' attitude about the symptoms and signs of infants teething. Methods: Data collection was done using a questionnaire, containing demographic information of the respondents as well as a number of 20 questions about the signs and symptoms of teething. In this study, 220 questionnaires were completed by mothers having 6 - 30 months’ children, with at least one deciduous tooth. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 28.26 ± 5.10 years old. Mean of the first deciduous tooth eruption in them was 7.16 ± 1.60 month. All mother associated, at least, one symptom with teething. In this study, mothers' beliefs were as follows: gum rubbing (91%), biting objects (86%), restlessness and irritability (84%), fever (75%), drooling (70%), and diarrhea (62%). Conclusions: Regarding that symptoms such as fever, diarrhea, and restlessness and irritability are attributed to teething, this can distract parents from serious illnesses, leading to diagnosis and treatment delay.