VP01.06: In the early first trimester, serum estradiol associates with
            Lactobacillus
            dominance in the vaginal niche

The vascular effects of normal pregnancy were investigated by estimating the intima and media thicknesses of the common carotid artery separately using 22-MHz ultrasound (Collagenoson, Meudt, Germany) in 57 healthy women with normal pregnancies and pregnancy outcomes, in all three trimesters and at 1 yr postpartum. A thick intima, thin media, and high intima-to-media (I/M) ratio are signs of a less healthy artery wall. Mean artery wall layer dimensions remained fairly constant during pregnancy, but the intima thickness and I/M thickness ratio appeared to improve (decrease) postpartum ( P < 0.001 for both). The cardiovascular risk parameters of age, body mass index, and blood pressure in the first trimester were associated with higher I/M ratios, especially in the second trimester, whereas higher serum estradiol levels were significantly associated with a lower I/M ratio. Changes from the first to second trimesters in I/M ratio, taking into account differential changes in intima and media thickness, were significantly ( P < 0.05–0.001) associated with all risk parameters tested except age, which was associated with increased intima thickness ( P = 0.02). Associations with third trimester values and changes from first to third trimesters were similar but less apparent. Thus, fairly constant mean artery wall layer dimensions during pregnancy appeared to improve postpartum. However, higher age, body mass index, or blood pressure and lower serum estradiol levels in the first trimester appeared to negatively affect the artery wall, strongly suggesting that pregnancy has negative vascular effects in some women. A less likely explanation involves possible adaptation to physiological changes during and after pregnancy.

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High Maternal Serum Estradiol Environment in the First Trimester Is Associated With the Increased Risk of Small-for-Gestational-Age Birth

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2013-3362 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

pp. 2217-2224 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Xiao-Ling Hu ◽

Chun Feng ◽

Xian-Hua Lin ◽

Zi-Xing Zhong ◽

Yi-Min Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

First Trimester ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Serum Estradiol ◽

Ideal Model ◽

Fresh Embryo Transfer ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Mean

Context: There are increasing concerns that a disrupted endocrine environment may disturb the growth of the fetus. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) situates gamete/embryo in a supraphysiological estradiol (E2) environment and, thus, provides an ideal model to investigate this problem. Objective: Our objective was to investigate whether the maternal high-E2 environment in the first trimester increases the risks of low birth weight (LBW) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth. Methods: In total, 8869 singletons born after fresh embryo transfer (ET) (n = 2610), frozen ET (n = 1039), and natural conception (NC) (n = 5220) and their mothers were included. Birth weight, LBW, SGA, and maternal serum E2 levels were investigated. Results: The mean serum E2 levels of women undergoing fresh ET at 4 and 8 weeks of gestation were significantly higher than those of the women undergoing frozen ET and the women with NC (P < .01). Serum E2 levels of women undergoing fresh ET at 4 and 8 weeks of gestation were positively correlated to those on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration (r = 0.5 and r = 0.4, respectively; P < 0.01). The birth weight after fresh ET was significantly lower than that after frozen ET and NC (P < 0.01), with increased incidence of LBW and SGA (P < .05). Furthermore, in the fresh ET group, singletons of mothers with high E2 levels (≥10460 pmol/L on the day of hCG administration) had higher risks of LBW (P < .01) and SGA (P < .01) than those with low E2 levels, and maternal serum E2 level on the day of hCG administration negatively correlated with the birth weight (P < .01). Conclusions: The maternal high-E2 environment in the first trimester is correlated with increased risks of LBW and SGA. Evaluation of serum E2 before ET should be adopted to reduce the possibility of high E2 exposure to gamete/embryo.

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P-150 Comparison of luteal phase serum estradiol-17β (E2) levels, in pregnant and non-pregnant gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and in-vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET) patients, and patients miscarrying or not miscarrying in the first trimester of pregnancy

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/s0015-0282(97)90965-1 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. S164-S165

Author(s):

M De Silva ◽

J.E Young ◽

W.G Dodds

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

First Trimester ◽

Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer ◽

Serum Estradiol ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽

Estradiol 17Β ◽

Ivf Et

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High Maternal Serum Estradiol in First Trimester of Multiple Pregnancy Contributes to Small for Gestational Age via DNMT1-Mediated CDKN1C Upregulation

Reproductive Sciences ◽

10.1007/s43032-021-00735-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-Ling Hu ◽

Shuai Shi ◽

Ning-Ning Hou ◽

Ye Meng ◽

Miao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Multiple Pregnancy ◽

First Trimester ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Serum Estradiol ◽

Multiple Pregnancies ◽

Embryo Tissue

AbstractHigh maternal serum estradiol (E2) levels in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with a high incidence of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). This study aimed to investigate the effect of first-trimester high maternal serum E2 levels on fetal growth and the underlying mechanisms in multiple pregnancies. Maternal serum E2 levels of women at 8 weeks of gestation were measured. The expression levels of imprinted genes and DNMT1 were determined by RT-qPCR, and KvDMR1 methylation in embryo tissue, placenta, and newborn cord blood samples was examined by bisulfite sequencing PCR. The effect of E2 on CDKN1C expression was investigated in HTR8 cells. The incidence of SGA was significantly higher in multiple pregnancies reduced to singleton than that in primary singleton pregnancies (11.4% vs. 2.9%) (P < 0.01) and multiple pregnancies reduced to twins than primary twins (38.5% vs. 27.3%) (P < 0.01). The maternal serum E2 level at 8 weeks of gestation increased with the number of fetuses and was negatively correlated with offspring birth weight. CDKN1C and DNMT1 expression was significantly upregulated in embryo tissue, placenta, and cord blood from multiple pregnancies. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between CDKN1C mRNA expression and KvDMR1 methylation levels. In HTR8 cells, DNMT1 mediated the estrogen-induced upregulation of CDKN1C, which might contribute to SGA. To minimize the risks of LBW and SGA, our findings suggest that abnormally high maternal serum E2 levels should be avoided during the first trimester of multiple pregnancies from assisted reproductive technology (ART).

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