scholarly journals High Maternal Serum Estradiol in First Trimester of Multiple Pregnancy Contributes to Small for Gestational Age via DNMT1-Mediated CDKN1C Upregulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ling Hu ◽  
Shuai Shi ◽  
Ning-Ning Hou ◽  
Ye Meng ◽  
Miao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Embryo Tissue

AbstractHigh maternal serum estradiol (E2) levels in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with a high incidence of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). This study aimed to investigate the effect of first-trimester high maternal serum E2 levels on fetal growth and the underlying mechanisms in multiple pregnancies. Maternal serum E2 levels of women at 8 weeks of gestation were measured. The expression levels of imprinted genes and DNMT1 were determined by RT-qPCR, and KvDMR1 methylation in embryo tissue, placenta, and newborn cord blood samples was examined by bisulfite sequencing PCR. The effect of E2 on CDKN1C expression was investigated in HTR8 cells. The incidence of SGA was significantly higher in multiple pregnancies reduced to singleton than that in primary singleton pregnancies (11.4% vs. 2.9%) (P < 0.01) and multiple pregnancies reduced to twins than primary twins (38.5% vs. 27.3%) (P < 0.01). The maternal serum E2 level at 8 weeks of gestation increased with the number of fetuses and was negatively correlated with offspring birth weight. CDKN1C and DNMT1 expression was significantly upregulated in embryo tissue, placenta, and cord blood from multiple pregnancies. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between CDKN1C mRNA expression and KvDMR1 methylation levels. In HTR8 cells, DNMT1 mediated the estrogen-induced upregulation of CDKN1C, which might contribute to SGA. To minimize the risks of LBW and SGA, our findings suggest that abnormally high maternal serum E2 levels should be avoided during the first trimester of multiple pregnancies from assisted reproductive technology (ART).

scholarly journals High Maternal Serum Estradiol Environment in the First Trimester Is Associated With the Increased Risk of Small-for-Gestational-Age Birth

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 2217-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ling Hu ◽  
Chun Feng ◽  
Xian-Hua Lin ◽  
Zi-Xing Zhong ◽  
Yi-Min Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Fresh Embryo Transfer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean

Context: There are increasing concerns that a disrupted endocrine environment may disturb the growth of the fetus. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) situates gamete/embryo in a supraphysiological estradiol (E2) environment and, thus, provides an ideal model to investigate this problem. Objective: Our objective was to investigate whether the maternal high-E2 environment in the first trimester increases the risks of low birth weight (LBW) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth. Methods: In total, 8869 singletons born after fresh embryo transfer (ET) (n = 2610), frozen ET (n = 1039), and natural conception (NC) (n = 5220) and their mothers were included. Birth weight, LBW, SGA, and maternal serum E2 levels were investigated. Results: The mean serum E2 levels of women undergoing fresh ET at 4 and 8 weeks of gestation were significantly higher than those of the women undergoing frozen ET and the women with NC (P &lt; .01). Serum E2 levels of women undergoing fresh ET at 4 and 8 weeks of gestation were positively correlated to those on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration (r = 0.5 and r = 0.4, respectively; P &lt; 0.01). The birth weight after fresh ET was significantly lower than that after frozen ET and NC (P &lt; 0.01), with increased incidence of LBW and SGA (P &lt; .05). Furthermore, in the fresh ET group, singletons of mothers with high E2 levels (≥10460 pmol/L on the day of hCG administration) had higher risks of LBW (P &lt; .01) and SGA (P &lt; .01) than those with low E2 levels, and maternal serum E2 level on the day of hCG administration negatively correlated with the birth weight (P &lt; .01). Conclusions: The maternal high-E2 environment in the first trimester is correlated with increased risks of LBW and SGA. Evaluation of serum E2 before ET should be adopted to reduce the possibility of high E2 exposure to gamete/embryo.

scholarly journals The Role of Early Pregnancy Maternal Selenium Levels on the Risk for Small-for-Gestational Age Newborns

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Lewandowska ◽  
Stefan Sajdak ◽  
Jan Lubiński
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Risk Marker ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Oxidative Balance

It has not yet been established, whether or not the maternal serum selenium (Se) in early pregnancy may be a risk marker of small-for-gestational age (SGA) birth weight. Selenium is important for human health and is involved in oxidative balance, a key element in the development of the placenta and fetus. This innovative study was nested in a prospective cohort of 750 women recruited in the 10–14th week of a single pregnancy, all of whom were healthy during recruitment. We examined mothers delivering SGA infants (with birth weight <10th percentile) (n = 48) and matched mothers delivering appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants (between 10–90th percentile) (n = 192). We measured the maternal microelement concentrations in the serum from the 10–14th gestational week, using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The odds ratios of SGA (and 95% confidence intervals) were assessed in logistic regression. The mean maternal Se concentrations were lower in mothers in the SGA group compared to the AGA group (59.60 vs. 62.54 µg/L; p = 0.020). Women in the lowest Q1 quartile of Se (≤56.60 µg/L) have about three times higher risk of SGA compared to women in the higher quartiles (Q2 or Q4); the odds ratio of SGA was OR = 3.02 (p = 0.019) for Q1 vs. Q2 quartile. The risk profile graph confirms the results. We found that excessive pre-pregnancy BMI (body mass index) affected the estimated SGA odds ratios. Early pregnancy maternal serum selenium status can be a risk marker of SGA newborns and more research is needed in larger groups.

First trimester maternal serum PAPP-A, β-hCG and ADAM12 in prediction of small-for-gestational-age fetuses

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1131-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper Pihl ◽  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Lone Krebs ◽  
Michael Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Β Hcg

scholarly journals Maternal serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and offspring birth weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sverre Wikström ◽  
Ping-I Lin ◽  
Christian H. Lindh ◽  
Huan Shu ◽  
Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Perfluorodecanoic Acid ◽  
Mother And Child

Abstract Background Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widespread, bioaccumulating, and persistent and show placental transfer. Emerging research indicates associations between prenatal exposure and low birth weight. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between first trimester exposure to PFASs and birth weight (BW) in the Swedish Environmental, Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study and examine whether associations differ between girls and boys. Methods Eight PFASs were analyzed in maternal serum (median: 10 weeks of pregnancy). Associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and birth outcomes with BW, BW for gestational age, and birth small for gestational age (SGA) were assessed in 1533 infants, adjusted for potential confounders and stratified by sex. Results Increased maternal perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) were associated with lower BW, lower BW for gestational age, and SGA birth. Associations were significant only in girls, where prenatal exposure in the upper quartile was associated with a 93–142-g lower BW when compared with that of the lowest quartile exposure. The associations were not mediated by effects on gestational age. Conclusions We found associations between prenatal exposure for five different PFASs and birth weight, with more pronounced associations in girls than in boys.

Maternal and Fetal Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I), IGF Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3), Leptin Levels and Early Postnatal Growth in Infants Born Asymmetrically Small for Gestational Age

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerrin Orbak ◽  
Şükran Darcan ◽  
Mahmut Çoker ◽  
Damla Gökşen
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Igfbp 3

AbstractThis study was planned to investigate the relationship between birth weight and insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF-I),IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and leptin levels in neonates with normal growth (appropriate for gestational age: AGA) and retarded growth (small for gestational age: SGA); and to evaluate these growth factors’ effects in early postnatal growth. All newborns were full-term: gestational age 38-41 weeks. Of 50 neonates, 25 were SGA. IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and leptin levels were measured in maternal serum and venous cord blood at birth and at 15 days of life of neonates using specific RIAs. Maternal serum leptin concentrations were significantly higher than cord blood leptin concentrations (p <0.001). Maternal serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and leptin levels did not show correlations with birth weight. In contrast, there were significantly positive correlations between birth weight and venous cord blood IGF- I, IGFBP-3 and leptin levels (p <0.001). In the SGA group, the newborns with a slow postnatal growth pattern had lower umbilical cord serum IGF-I levels compared with newborns with a normal growth pattern. A similar result was also found in the AGA group. Similar results were not found for serum leptin and IGFBP-3.In conclusion, cord blood IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and leptin levels play an important role in the regulation of fetal and neonatal growth. It is likely that IGF-I has a more important role than the other factors in early postnatal growth.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 and lipoprotein profile in cord blood of preterm small for gestational age infants

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nagano ◽  
T. Okada ◽  
R. Fukamachi ◽  
K. Yoshikawa ◽  
S. Munakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Regression Analyses

Low birth weight was associated with cardiometabolic diseases in adult age. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has a crucial role in fetal growth and also associates with cardiometabolic risks in adults. Therefore, we elucidated the association between IGF-1 level and serum lipids in cord blood of preterm infants. The subjects were 41 consecutive, healthy preterm neonates (27 male, 14 female) born at <37-week gestational age, including 10 small for gestational age (SGA) infants (<10th percentile). IGF-1 levels and serum lipids were measured in cord blood, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDLTG) levels were determined by HPLC method. SGA infants had lower IGF-1 (13.1 ± 5.3 ng/ml), total cholesterol (TC) (55.0 ± 14.8), LDLC (21.6 ± 8.3) and HDLC (26.3 ± 11.3) levels, and higher VLDLTG levels (19.0 ± 12.7 mg/dl) than in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants (53.6 ± 25.6, 83.4 ± 18.9, 36.6 ± 11.1, 38.5 ± 11.6, 8.1 ± 7.0, respectively). In simple regression analyses, log IGF-1 correlated positively with birth weight (r = 0.721, P < 0.001), TC (r = 0.636, P < 0.001), LDLC (r = 0.453, P = 0.006), and HDLC levels (r = 0.648, P < 0.001), and negatively with log TG (r = −0.484, P = 0.002) and log VLDL-TG (r = −0.393, P = 0.018). Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that IGF-1 was an independent predictor of TC, HDLC and TG levels after the gestational age and birth weight were taken into account. In preterm SGA infants, cord blood lipids profile altered with the concomitant decrease in IGF-1 level.

scholarly journals Marcadores Bioquímicos do Primeiro Trimestre e Recém-Nascidos Leves para Idade Gestacional

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Cláudia Andrade ◽  
Joana Santos ◽  
Ana Rita Pinto ◽  
Pedro Manso ◽  
Susana Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Β Hcg

<strong>Introduction:</strong> Several studies suggested an association between first trimester biochemical markers (PAPP-A and β- HCG) and infants below 10th percentile. Our goal was to describe this relationship of biochemical markers with small-for- gestational-age fetuses in our population.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Retrospective analytic study of 2 035 pregnant women that underwent first-trimester screening in the period between March 2009 and September 2011. Small-for-gestational-age infants below 10th percentile were compared with control group (term newborn with birth weight above 10th percentile). Infants below 3rd percentile and control group were also compared. Multiple and logistic regression analysis were done with PAPP-A, β-HCG (multiples of the expected normal median) and demographic maternal characteristics (ethnicity, weight and smoker status).<br /><strong>Results:</strong> This study demonstrated an independent contribution of PAPP-A, maternal weight and smoker status in predicting small-for-gestational-age infants. For PAPP-A, the odds ratio for small-for-gestational age below 10th and 3rd percentile was 2.41 and 3.41, respectively (p &lt; 0.01). For β-HCG, odds ratio below 10th percentile was 1.70 (p = 0.03) and for birth weight below the 3rd percentile, the odds ratio was 3.22 (p &lt; 0.01).<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Low levels of PAPP-A and β-HCG (values below 5th percentile of the study population) were associated with an increased risk of small-for-gestational-age infants in the pregnant population included in this study.

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