scholarly journals Floral Structure, Stigma Receptivity and Pollen Viability in Relation to Protandry and Self-incompatibility in Silky Oak (Grevillea robusta A. Cunn.)

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kalinganire
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Grevillea Robusta ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Silky Oak

scholarly journals Nocturnal and diurnal pollination in Copaifera coriacea, a dominant species in sand dunes of the Middle São Francisco River Basin, Northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Isys Mascarenhas Souza ◽  
Frederic Mendes Hughes ◽  
Ligia Silveira Funch ◽  
Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Pollination System ◽  
Floral Visitors

Background and aims – Copaifera coriacea, a species in the resin-producing clade Detarioideae (Leguminosae), is an endemic and abundant species found in sand dunes in Brazilian Caatinga domain vegetation – a Quaternary paleodesert. We investigated floral traits and aspects of pollination biology, focusing on the pollination system of C. coriacea. Material and methods – Anthesis duration, stigma receptivity, pollen viability, nectar concentration, and the presence of osmophores and pigments reflecting UV light were assessed. Floral visitors were classified as potential pollinators, occasional pollinators or thieves, based on the time and foraging behaviour and resource collected. Pollination effectiveness were assessed for potential pollinators by the detection of pollen tubes on the stigma or stylar canal by epifluorescence microscopy.Key results – The species has white and small flowers, with anthesis beginning in the dark (ca 00:30) and the flowers are completely opened approximately 3 h later, when a sweet odour is perceptible. The onset of stigma receptivity and pollen grain viability occurs only after the completion of flower opening, and a concentrated nectar is available during the day. The presence of pollen tubes confirmed the efficiency of the main insects in the transfer of pollen. Conclusion – Our result demonstrates that C. coriacea has a generalist pollination system mediated mainly by two distinct guilds of insect pollinators: moths (nocturnal, searching for nectar) and bees (diurnal, pollen collectors). This finding can provide more information about diversification in the genus Copaifera.

Reproductive Biology and Floral Phenologies of the Sympatric Species Leptospermum myrsinoides and L. continentale (Myrtaceae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
SP Obrien ◽  
DM Calder
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Degree Of Overlap

The reproductive biology and floral phenologies of co-occurring Leptospermum myrsinoides and L. continentale were investigated. Both species have similar floral structure and both are protandrous. Anther dehiscence is staggered over approximately 6 days and pollen viability remains high for at least 3 days. The styles of both species are short at anthesis but extend during the next 6 days to approximately the same height as the anthers. The stigmas of these species do not achieve maximum receptivity until at least 4 days after anthesis. Both species are self-compatible. At the three sites studied, L. myrsinoides and L. continentale have separate flowering times with L. myrsinoides always flowering first. Within populations of each species, plants reached first flower and peak flower in the same order in 1989 and 1990, implying genetic control over flowering time. It is suggested that protandry in these species enhances the likelihood of outcrossing and the staggered release of pollen coupled with the degree of overlap within flowering populations increases the number of potential mates available to each flower.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of four weedy Euphorbia species from Ile-Ife, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A.O. Bolaji ◽  
M. Idowu-Aiye ◽  
H.O. Moronfade
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Euphorbia Prostrata ◽  
Spread Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Phases ◽  
Vegetative Phases ◽  
Explosive Mechanism

Euphorbia heterophylla Linn., Euphorbia hirta Linn., Euphorbia hyssopifolia Linn. and Euphorbia prostrata Linn. are four noxious, yet economically important weeds, useful as phytomedicine in some parts of the world and also in Nigeria. Studies were carried out on their reproductive biology with a view to understanding the mode of their spread. Parameters investigated include number of days to seedling emergence, germinationpercentage, number of days to flowering, period to anthesis, pollinators, pollen viability, pollen size, floral structure, fruits type, seeds type, average number of fruit per plant, average number of seeds per plant and mode of seed dispersal. Results obtained showed that the seedlings of the four Euphorbia species studied emerged within 3 to 5 days; numbers of days to 50% flowering took 44 to 58 days; while flowering and fruiting continuedthroughout the remaining part of the year; thus exhibited r-strategy, expending more time and allocation of resources on their reproductive phases than their vegetative phases. Also differences existed in their stigma shape, perianth colour, perianth texture, pollen sizes, pollen viability as well as ripened colour of seed which were all significant characters that could be useful in delimiting the species. Furthermore, the study revealed that thefour species were essentially insect pollinated and their seeds dispersed by means of explosive mechanism usually characteristic of their schizocarpic fruits. This ability as well as their tendency to exhibit r-strategy could probably account for their ability to spread and invade cultivated fields, waste lands and roadsides. Keywords: Explosive mechanism, r-Strategy, Seed dispersal, Pollen viability, Seed set

TOMATO FRUIT-SET AT HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURES

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. CHARLES ◽  
R. E. HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
High And Low Temperatures ◽  
High Level ◽  
Main Factor

The effects of 10, 12.8, 18.3, and 26.7 C temperatures on flower production, fruit-set and size, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, and the height of stigma in the antheridial cone was determined in tomato lines selected for ability to set fruit at high or low temperatures. Low fruit-set at 10 and 12.8 C was due primarily to poor pollen viability and germination, and to a lesser extent to high stigma position in the antheridial cone. At 26.7 C, the high level of the stigma in the antheridial cone was the main factor reducing fruit-set but the low stigma receptivity was a factor in some selections.

The mating system of Acrotriche serrulata (Ericaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Schneemilch ◽  
Emma Steggles
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Pollination Experiments ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination

Controlled pollination experiments were conducted on Acrotriche serrulata R.Br. (Ericaceae) to determine the mating system for this species. Pollen viability and stigma receptivity were investigated to ensure effective timing and sourcing of material for maximum fertilisation. Stigmas were found to be receptive in mature buds, with receptivity maintained while nectar remained within the corolla tube. Germination testing showed that pollen from within mature buds was viable. The mating system of A. serrulata was found to be predominantly outcrossing, with 49.8% of cross-pollinated flowers developing to fruit, compared with 8.7% of self-pollinated flowers. Seed viability did not differ significantly between fruits produced by cross-pollination and those produced by self-pollination, although this may be attributable to low sample sizes available for self-pollinated fruits. These results in combination with morphological features of the flower suggest that a pollinator is required for this species.

scholarly journals Controlling for genetic identity of varieties, pollen contamination and stigma receptivity is essential to characterize the self-incompatibility system ofOlea europaeaL.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 860-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Saumitou-Laprade ◽  
Philippe Vernet ◽  
Xavier Vekemans ◽  
Vincent Castric ◽  
Gianni Barcaccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Pollen Contamination ◽  
Incompatibility System

scholarly journals Floral biology and breeding system of endangered species: Parmentiera cereifera Seem. (Bignoniaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Janis Damaiyani
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Flower Biology ◽  
The Family

Parmentiera cereifera Seem. is an endangered species in the family Bignoniaceae. Related to the conservation effort, information about the reproductive biology of this species is very limited. Based on that, the objectives of this study were to provide knowledge about the reproductive properties such as floral biology and breeding system of P. cereifera. The research was conducted at Purwodadi Botanic Garden, from October 2019 to February 2021. Several important aspects of reproductive biology, including flower biology, pollen viability and stigma receptivity, pollen morphology and breeding system were investigated. The viability was tested with TTC (2, 3, 5–triphenly tetrazolium chloride) and stigma reseptivity was tested with hydrogen peroxide. The breeding system was determined based on outcrossing index (OCI) using Cruden's method. The results showed that P. cereifera flower was monoecious, had morphological character that supported nocturnal pollination. Stigma and anthers spatially separated, but there was no temporal separation of stigma receptivity and anther dehiscence. Based on the flower biology, the pollen ornamentation (reticulate type), and the Out-Crossing Index (OCI=4), the breeding system was outcrossing but partially self-compatible, required pollinators (zoophily)

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