scholarly journals Nocturnal and diurnal pollination in Copaifera coriacea, a dominant species in sand dunes of the Middle São Francisco River Basin, Northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Isys Mascarenhas Souza ◽  
Frederic Mendes Hughes ◽  
Ligia Silveira Funch ◽  
Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Pollination System ◽  
Floral Visitors

Background and aims – Copaifera coriacea, a species in the resin-producing clade Detarioideae (Leguminosae), is an endemic and abundant species found in sand dunes in Brazilian Caatinga domain vegetation – a Quaternary paleodesert. We investigated floral traits and aspects of pollination biology, focusing on the pollination system of C. coriacea. Material and methods – Anthesis duration, stigma receptivity, pollen viability, nectar concentration, and the presence of osmophores and pigments reflecting UV light were assessed. Floral visitors were classified as potential pollinators, occasional pollinators or thieves, based on the time and foraging behaviour and resource collected. Pollination effectiveness were assessed for potential pollinators by the detection of pollen tubes on the stigma or stylar canal by epifluorescence microscopy.Key results – The species has white and small flowers, with anthesis beginning in the dark (ca 00:30) and the flowers are completely opened approximately 3 h later, when a sweet odour is perceptible. The onset of stigma receptivity and pollen grain viability occurs only after the completion of flower opening, and a concentrated nectar is available during the day. The presence of pollen tubes confirmed the efficiency of the main insects in the transfer of pollen. Conclusion – Our result demonstrates that C. coriacea has a generalist pollination system mediated mainly by two distinct guilds of insect pollinators: moths (nocturnal, searching for nectar) and bees (diurnal, pollen collectors). This finding can provide more information about diversification in the genus Copaifera.

scholarly journals Pollinating potential of bee floral visitors of Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) cultivated in northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e7389108999
Author(s):  
Mikail Olinda de Oliveira ◽  
Isac Gabriel Abrahão Bomfim ◽  
Marcelo Casimiro Cavalcante ◽  
Felipe Andrés León Contrera ◽  
Francisco Xavier de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

To better understand the relationship between Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) with its floral visitors, we investigated stigma receptivity and flowering pattern, as well as the abundance, frequency and behavior of bees visiting its flowers, aiming to discuss their potential as pollinator of this plant species. We studied S. mombin in an orchard in Northeastern Brazil. Stigma receptivity coincided with the time bees were foraging, mainly for pollen. According to the bee behavior on flowers, their visiting hour, abundance, and frequency in the studied area, we concluded that Apis mellifera (Linnaeus), Trigona spinipes (Fabricius), Xylocopa grisescens (Lepeletier) and Augochloropsis sp. are potential pollinators of S. mombin. Also, A. mellifera and T. spinipes were the most abundant species in the area and collected floral resources with greater frequency, contributing more significantly to pollination. Due to the overwhelmingly presence of these two bee species in NE Brazil, we conclude they are the main potential pollinators of S. mombin in the region.

scholarly journals Viability of pollen grains and stigma receptivity in Desert Rose

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Cristiane Gonçalves Souza ◽  
Sabrina Maihave Barbosa Ramos ◽  
Silvia Nietsche ◽  
Clivia Carolina Fiorilo Possobom ◽  
Elka Fabiana Aparecida Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Flower Opening

Abstract Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult., popularly known as desert rose, has become a valuable ornamental plant. In floriculture, the production of hybrids is prioritized. Hence, knowledge on floral biology and sexual reproduction of the target species is fundamental. The objectives of this study were: (1) to test sucrose concentrations and temperatures for in vitro germination of A. obesum pollen grains; (2) to identify the effect of temperature on the viability of A. obesum pollen grains; and (3) to evaluate the viability of pollen grains and stigma receptivity in pre-anthesis, at flower opening, and 72 h post-flower opening in three accessions of A. obesum. A significant relationship between temperatures and sucrose concentrations was observed in the in vitro germination test. The highest percentage of in vitro germination of pollen grains, 39.81%, was observed at an estimated temperature of 26.05 °C. Desert rose accessions maintained in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) chambers at 30 °C during a 16-h light photoperiod showed faster flowering, and temperatures ≥ 25 °C induced pollen grain viability percentages above 69%. Temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors, influencing mainly in pollen germination, pollen tube growing and in efficiency fertilization. The ICA-wd accession stood out and can be considered a pollen donor in artificial pollination. The stigmas of flowers were receptive from a day before flower opening until three days after. The two parameters presented above, stigma receptivity and pollen viability, allow inferences about the appropriate time for successful pollination and subsequent fertilization in desert roses.

Floral Biology and Inefficient Pollen Removal in Banksia spinulosa var neoanglica (Proteaceae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Vaughton ◽  
M Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Pollen Removal ◽  
Pollen Longevity ◽  
Floral Visitors

Stigma receptivity, pollen longevity and rates of flower opening were examined in Banksia spinulosa var. neoanglica. The interaction between these aspects of floral biology and removal of self pollen by floral visitors, autogamous pollen deposition and autogamous fruit set was determined. Flowers were strongly protandrous; most stigmatic grooves opened and maximum stigma receptivity occurred 3-4 days after the flowers opened. Over 80% of pollen was viable when flowers first opened. Pollen longevity was extended; 58% and 33% of pollen was still viable 8 and 12 days respectively after the flowers opened. Rates of flower opening were slow with only 19-32 flowers opening per day, depending on temperature. More than 80% of flowers had self pollen remaining on their pollen presenters 5 days after the flowers opened. Autogamous pollination did not occur until at least 6 days after the flowers opened. Pollen deposition and fruit production were significantly less on autogamous than open-pollinated inflorescences. Pronounced protandry, extended pollen longevity and slow rates of flower opening in B. spinulosa may have been selectively favoured by inefficient removal of self pollen by floral visitors.

Reproductive-Biology of the Australian Species of the Genus Pandorea (Bignoniaceae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA James ◽  
RB Knox
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Incompatibility Barrier

We studied the reproductive biology of Australian species of Pandorea to facilitate a breeding program designed to develop elite cultivars for the horticultural industry. P. pandorana is protogynous whereas anther dehiscence and stigma receptivity occur at the same time in P. jasminoides and P. baileyana. The stigmas of all species are receptive prior to anthesis and can be artificially pollinated at this stage provided that the stigma lobes can be separated. Pollen viability, tested for P. pandorana and P. jasminoides, deteriorated during the flower life although pollen samples with a low Fluorescein diacetate response (5-14%) still produced many pollen tubes which grew to the base of the style. For all species tested, pollen tubes grew into the ovary in both outcross pollinations and in self pollinations which are known to be incompatible indicating that the incompatibility barrier is within the ovary. Pollen-ovule ratios, determined for P. pandorana and P. jasminoides, were low compared with other published pollen-ovules ratios for taxa with breeding systems based on outcrossing.

scholarly journals BIOLOGY OF POLLINATION OF Citrus sinensis VARIETY ‘PERA RIO’

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
GENEROSA SOUSA RIBEIRO ◽  
ELOI MACHADO ALVES ◽  
CARLOS ALFREDO LOPES DE CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Local Agriculture ◽  
Floral Visitor ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Morisita Index ◽  
Number Of Individuals

ABSTRACT Aspects related to the floral biology of Citrus sinensis ‘Pera Rio’ variety were studied in the present work aiming to obtain information about the pollination ecology in the local agriculture. Studies of flowering, anthesis, pollen / ovule ratio, stigmatic receptivity, pollen viability, nectar characterization and floral visitors were carried out. From the data studied, the following information was obtained: C. sinensis variety ‘Pera Rio’ flourishes in two annual periods (dry and rainy), the anthesis occurs from 9:00 AM with duration of 24 hours, during which period stigma receptivity, pollen viability and nectar secretion are highly significant, demonstrating that the species also possesses characteristics of allogenic plants. Apis mellifera was a floral visitor, with a greater number of individuals with a Relative Frequency (RF) of 51.1%. Melipona scutellaris obtained second place in visits with RR = 23.6%; Followed by Trigona spinipes with FR = 17.7%. The two seasons (dry and rainy) presented high similarity (Morisita index = 0.64). C. sinensis has floral biology favorable to cross pollination and bees A. mellifera and M. scutellaris are potential pollinators of this fruit in the conditions in the region of the Recôncavo Baiano. The reproductive system of C. sinensis is mixed, being favorable to entomophilic pollination.

scholarly journals A community of flower-visiting bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in the coastal sand dunes of northeastern Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blandina Felipe Viana ◽  
Astrid de Matos Peixoto Kleinert
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Coastal Sand Dunes ◽  
Abundance Pattern ◽  
Restricted Area ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
One Year ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Main Factor

We analyzed aspects of the community structure of Apoidea of a restricted area of dunes with restinga vegetation in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Standardized samples were taken for one year, 3 times a month from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. A total of 3983 individuals (3770 females and 213 males) of 49 species, grouped into 13 morpho-functional types and belonging to five families, were collected from flowers in its majority. The fauna of Abaeté is composed by large solitary bees, best represented by Anthophoridae followed by Apidae; Halictidae; Megachilidae and Colletidae. Bees were active throughout the year, with peaks of abundance in periods of low rainfall. Daily activity was greatest between 08:00 and 14:00 hours, when relative humidity was lower and temperature higher. The abundance pattern and the richness were very similar to other habitats in the Brazilian Northeast. Of the species sampled, 49% were represented by less than eight individuals. The six most abundant species were represented by 84% of the total individuals collected. The availability of resources seems to be the main factor regulating bee flight activity in Abaeté. The foraging activity was related positively to the intensity of flowers in the field.

scholarly journals Reproductive Biology of Clethra alnifolia

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-570
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Pollen Shed ◽  
The Relationship

Breeding efforts in Clethra alnifolia L., an ornamental shrub native to the Eastern U.S., are hindered by a lack of information on the reproductive behavior of this species. The objective of this study was to evaluate self-compatibility, time of stigma receptivity, and the relationship between time of pollen shed and stigma receptivity in C. alnifolia. Stigma receptivity and changes in floral morphology were monitored over a 7-day period beginning at flower opening. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in styles were examined following self- and cross-pollinations using fluorescence microscopy. Seed set and germination were compared following self- and cross-pollinations. Anthers began to dehisce in `Hummingbird' and `Ruby Spice' the day after flowers opened, but stigmas did not become fully receptive to pollen until 2 days later. An increase in the length of pistils was observed following flower opening. Maximum elongation of pistils occurred at approximately the same time stigmas became receptive and could be utilized as an indicator of receptivity. While self-pollen tubes appeared to grow slightly slower than cross-pollen tubes, there was no indication of a self-incompatibility system acting at the stigmatic or stylar level in C. alnifolia. Self-pollinations of `Hummingbird' and `Ruby Spice' produced fewer seeds than did cross-pollinations of these cultivars. Germination of all seed obtained from this study was too poor to allow a comparison of germination rates of the self- and cross-pollinated seed. However, because a few self-progeny were obtained, emasculation is recommended when making controlled pollinations. The presence of a late acting self-incompatibility system or early-acting inbreeding depression was proposed as being responsible for the lower seed set following self-pollination.

scholarly journals Morphoanatomy, floral biology and reproductive phenology of Cambuí (Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex willd.) O. Berg.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Dailson Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Eurico Eduardo Pinto de Lemos ◽  
Leila de Paula Rezende ◽  
Everton Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Ricardo Barros Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Floral Visitors

Abstract Myrciaria floribunda is a species native to the restinga areas of the Atlantic Forest that presents great phenotypic variation in fruits, great socioeconomic importance in regions of natural occurrence and high productive potential. The characterization of heterogeneous populations is crucial for plant selection and breeding programs, since it allows the distinction of superior individuals. The aim of this study was to characterize the reproductive structure of M. floribunda accessions, and to observe the influence of climate and environment on its reproductive process, through floral biology, floral morphoanatomy and reproductive phenology. Apis mellifera and Trigona spinipes are the main floral visitors of cambuí. Stigma receptivity lasts up to 5 hours after flower opening and pollen viability was above 90%. Regarding the flower structure, the female sexual organ is monocarpic, the ovary is efferent, bilocular, with two ovules per locule, the inflorescence is fascicle-like and consists of small white flowers, actinomorph symmetry, heteroclamid and monoclines. Plants bloomed irregularly throughout the year, concentrating flowering in two periods of the year with the greatest peaks in March and August, while the greatest fruiting peaks were observed in April and September.

scholarly journals Phenology, reproductive biology and growing degree days of the grapevine ‘Isabel’ (Vitis labrusca, Vitaceae) cultivated in northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. S. Nunes ◽  
A. V. Leite ◽  
C. C. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Vitis Labrusca ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Inflorescence Development

Abstract Phenology and reproductive biology of cultivated species are important for the comprehension of the requirements for fruit and seed production and the management of pollinators. This study aimed to characterise the phenology, reproductive biology and growing degree days of the grapevine ‘Isabel’ (Vitis labrusca) in northeastern Brazil during January 2011 (P1), Augst 2011 (P2), April 2012 (P3) and August 2012 (P4). We recorded the duration (days) of the phenological stages, pruning (P), woolly bud (W), budburst (B), inflorescence development (ID), flowering (F), ripening (R) and harvest (H). We analysed the floral biology, the sexual system and the breeding system. We measured the growing degree days (GDD) required to reach the subperiods P-B, B-F and F-H. The periods P1, P2, P3 and P4 lasted for 116, 125, 117 and 130 days, respectively. The number of days of harvest were similar in the same dry (P1 and P3) and rainy (P2 and P4) periods. All the periods that we recorded were shorter than those observed in other regions of Brazil, which may be attributable to the mean temperature and carbohydrate metabolism. The flowers are green, hermaphroditic, with an odour of mignonette, low pollen viability and autogamous. The base temperature of 10°C was considered the most adequate for the subperiods as has been documented for other grape varieties in Brazil. Thus, temperature was also the most adequate for the cycles, presenting a smaller standard deviation (0.119, 0.147, 0.156 and 0.153 to P1, P2, P3 and P4, respectively) when compared to a base temperature of 12°C (0.122, 0.158, 0.165 and 0.160 to P1, P2, P3 and P4, respectively). The higher and the lower observed GDD were 1972.17 and 1870.05, respectively, both above the values recorded in other parts of Brazil for same variety. The phonological results, including knowledge of growing degree days, are important to the planning of cultures at the study site and in other regions that have similar climatic conditions and make it possible to pre-determine the harvest.

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