scholarly journals Nerve–Muscle Interactions Regulate Motor Terminal Growth and Myoblast Distribution during Muscle Development

2001 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Bayline ◽  
Carsten Duch ◽  
Richard B. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Nerve Muscle

The development of indirect flight muscle innervation in Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fernandes ◽  
K. VijayRaghavan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Indirect Flight Muscle ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Nerve Muscle ◽  
Longitudinal Muscles

We have examined the development of innervation to the indirect flight muscles of Drosophila. During metamorphosis, the larval intersegmental nerve of the mesothorax is remodelled to innervate the dorsal longitudinal muscles and two of the dorsoventral muscles. Another modified larval nerve innervates the remaining dorsoventral muscle. The dorsal longitudinal muscles develop using modified larval muscles as templates while dorsoventral muscles develop without the use of such templates. The development of innervation to the two groups of indirect flight muscles differs in spatial and temporal patterns, which may reflect the different ways in which these muscles develop. The identification of myoblasts associated with thoracic nerves during larval life and the association of migrating myoblasts with nerves during metamorphosis indicate the existence of nerve-muscle interactions during indirect flight muscle development. In addition, the developing pattern of axonal branching suggests a role for the target muscles in respecifying neuromuscular junctions during metamorphosis.

scholarly journals THE APPEARANCE OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE IN THE MYOTOME OF THE EMBRYONIC RABBIT

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia M. Tennyson ◽  
Miro Brzin ◽  
Paul Slotwiner
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Undifferentiated Cell ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Nerve Muscle

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has been studied in the myoblast of skeletal muscle of the 9–13 day fetal rabbit. Cytochemical activity is present in the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum, including its derivatives the subsurface reticulum and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. End product is also found in the Golgi complex of the more differentiated myoblasts. The formation of reticulum-bound acetylcholinesterase in the myoblast appears to be independent of nerve-muscle contact, since the enzyme is present before the outgrowth of the spinal nerve. The nerve lacks cytochemical end product until the myoblast is well differentiated. Possible mechanisms of spontaneous muscle contraction have been discussed. A second type of myotomal cell, which exhibits a poorly localized end product of AChE activity, has been described. The ready solubility of the enzyme or diffusibility of its end product suggests that the enzyme may be a lyoesterase. This cell may be the precursor of the morphologically undifferentiated cell which is closely apposed to the myotubes in later stages of skeletal muscle development. Biochemical studies show a significant increase in AChE activity in the dermomyotome by day 12, when many of the myoblasts are well differentiated and the second type of myotomal cell is prominent. Cytochemical studies have indicated that many of the cells in the sample lack reaction product of enzymic activity, whereas others are very active. Biochemical values, therefore, reflect the amount of enzyme in the dermomyotome as a whole, but give little information on the enzymic content of individual cells.

Nerve-muscle interactions during flight muscle development in Drosophila

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (9) ◽  
pp. 1769-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Fernandes ◽  
H. Keshishian
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Absolute Dependence ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Nerve Muscle ◽  
Longitudinal Muscles ◽  
Primary Motoneuron

During Drosophila pupal metamorphosis, the motoneurons and muscles differentiate synchronously, providing an opportunity for extensive intercellular regulation during synapse formation. We examined the existence of such interactions by developmentally delaying or permanently eliminating synaptic partners during the formation of indirect flight muscles. When we experimentally delayed muscle development, we found that although adult-specific primary motoneuron branching still occurred, the higher order (synaptic) branching was suspended until the delayed muscle fibers reached a favourable developmental state. In reciprocal experiments we found that denervation caused a decrease in the myoblast pool. Furthermore, the formation of certain muscle fibers (dorsoventral muscles) was specifically blocked. Exceptions were the adult muscles that use larval muscle fibers as myoblast fusion targets (dorsal longitudinal muscles). However, when these muscles were experimentally compelled to develop without their larval precursors, they showed an absolute dependence on the motoneurons for their formation. These data show that the size of the myoblast pool and early events in fiber formation depend on the presence of the nerve, and that, conversely, peripheral arbor development and synaptogenesis is closely synchronized with the developmental state of the muscle.

scholarly journals C-16 Assessment of 9-Year-Old, Nonverbal Female with Spastic Cerebral Palsy & Seizure Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1045
Author(s):  
J Lennon ◽  
L Berreman ◽  
E DiMaggio ◽  
K Vincent ◽  
A Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Frustration Tolerance ◽  
Rightward Movement ◽  
Nerve Muscle

Abstract Objective Case serves to illuminate how complex medical/neurological/motor history can be assessed creatively/thoroughly while maintaining standardization in an effort to determine true abilities of young girl. Earlier evaluation suggested NVIQ scores in the 30th percentile, however more recent school testing suggested performance in 2nd percentile. Method Nine-year-old, Caucasian, right-handed female with diagnoses of spastic CP, recent seizures with LOC, GERD, assessing functioning/academic needs. Pt born 40-weeks gestation via c-section due to fetal heartbeat loss resulting in emergency CPR/NICU admission for six weeks. MRI suggests significant hypoxia-related prenatal damage to right frontal/temporal regions. Nerve/muscle development results in leftward preference permitting rightward movement. Pt is nonverbal, implanted gastrostomy tube, utilizes modified sign-language/augmentative, alternative communication device (AACD). Current behavioral concerns in multiple settings. Pt prescribed esomeprazole, baclofen, oxcarbazepine. Results Results suggest deficits in adaptive functioning, set-shifting, language. Sustaining gaze was difficult, with subsequent invalid scores on numerous measures. Even with incorrect responses, Pt understood TEACh tasks. Given tools (calculator) at her disposal, Pt scored in 30th percentile on Math Computation. Further, TONI-4 nonverbal index was stronger than school expectations (10th percentile). PTONI negatively impacted by motor deficits. AACD offered limited vocabulary – Pt appeared well-aware of missing words when they arose (small vs. thin). Pt demonstrated high frustration-tolerance and ability to joke with examiners. Conclusions Conclusions: Pt’s performance and motivation were highly impressive given circumstances. Even with limiting factors, standardized measures can be utilized with critical qualitative observations to acquire more representative test results, provide adequate recommendations for ongoing care/accommodations, thereby advocating for academic success and improving Pt well-being.

scholarly journals Genetic screens for genes controlling motor nerve–muscle development and interactions

2005 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Birely ◽  
Valerie A. Schneider ◽  
Evelyn Santana ◽  
Roland Dosch ◽  
Daniel S. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Genetic Screens ◽  
Nerve Muscle

Alterations in Ultrastructure of Skeletal Muscle From Newborn Guinea Pigs Following in Utero Exposure to Ethanol

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
C. Uphoff ◽  
C. Nyquist-Battie ◽  
T.B. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Chronic Alcoholic ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Post Intubation

Ultrastructural alterations of skeletal muscle have been observed in adult chronic alcoholic patients. However, no such study has been performed on individuals prenatally exposed to ethanol. In order to determine if ethanol exposure in utero in the latter stages of muscle development was deleterious, skeletal muscle was obtained from newborn guinea pigs treated in the following manner. Six Hartly strain pregnant guinea pigs were randomly assigned to either the ethanol or the pair-intubated groups. Twice daily the 3 ethanol-treated animals were intubated with Ensure (Ross Laboratories) liquid diet containing 30% ethanol (6g/Kg pre-pregnant body weight per day) from day 35 of gestation until parturition at day 70±1 day. Serum ethanol levels were determined at 1 hour post-intubation by the Sigma alcohol test kit. For pair-intubation the Ensure diet contained sucrose substituted isocalorically for ethanol. Both food and water intake were monitored.

Nerve-Muscle Interaction

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1169-1169
Author(s):  
S. WONNACOTT
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Muscle

Improvement of muscle mass and force by certain hormones and endogen factors, contributing in muscle development

2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (10) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
Péter Apor ◽  
József Tihanyi ◽  
Andreas Costa
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Development

Az áttekintés az izomtömeg és az izomerő növelése célzatával alkalmazott hormonok (növekedési hormon, IGF-1, anabolikus-androgén szteroidok) és az izom fejlődésében szereplő, humán használatra kerülhető egyes faktorok fizikai aktivitással kapcsolatos élettanát és klinikai alkalmazásának lehetőségeit érinti. A hatásokat illetően mítoszok, a mellékhatásokat illetően alul- és túlértesültség egyaránt jellemzi e területet. A kórállapotok sorában, s nem csak a hiányállapotok szubsztitúciójában történnek terápiás próbálkozások, amelyekben figyelembe vehetők a sportolók, testépítők tapasztalatai is.

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