Alterations in Ultrastructure of Skeletal Muscle From Newborn Guinea Pigs Following in Utero Exposure to Ethanol

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
C. Uphoff ◽  
C. Nyquist-Battie ◽  
T.B. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Chronic Alcoholic ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Post Intubation

Ultrastructural alterations of skeletal muscle have been observed in adult chronic alcoholic patients. However, no such study has been performed on individuals prenatally exposed to ethanol. In order to determine if ethanol exposure in utero in the latter stages of muscle development was deleterious, skeletal muscle was obtained from newborn guinea pigs treated in the following manner. Six Hartly strain pregnant guinea pigs were randomly assigned to either the ethanol or the pair-intubated groups. Twice daily the 3 ethanol-treated animals were intubated with Ensure (Ross Laboratories) liquid diet containing 30% ethanol (6g/Kg pre-pregnant body weight per day) from day 35 of gestation until parturition at day 70±1 day. Serum ethanol levels were determined at 1 hour post-intubation by the Sigma alcohol test kit. For pair-intubation the Ensure diet contained sucrose substituted isocalorically for ethanol. Both food and water intake were monitored.

In utero effects on livestock muscle development and body composition

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Brameld ◽  
Zoe C. T. R. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
In Utero ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Critical Window ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

This review will focus on the evidence for in utero effects on development of skeletal muscle in farm and laboratory animals, particularly sheep and pigs. We will describe genetic and environmental factors that have been shown to alter the numbers of muscle fibres formed and outline our working hypothesis for the mechanism involved and the critical window during pregnancy when these effects are seen. We will then discuss the long-term consequences in terms of body composition. Although this review concentrates on skeletal muscle development, the mechanism we suggest might be equally applicable to other tissues in the body (e.g. the brain, kidneys or sex organs) and, therefore, impact on their physiological functions.

Skeletal Muscle Development in the Fetal Pig after Decapitation in utero

Neonatology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 39 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Campion ◽  
G.J. Hausman ◽  
R.L.. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Fetal Pig

Increased incidence of hepatic insulin-sensitizing substance (HISS)-dependent insulin resistance in female rats prenatally exposed to ethanol

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parissa Sadri ◽  
Dallas J Legare ◽  
Shinichiro Takayama ◽  
W Wayne Lautt
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Rat Offspring

Insulin causes the release of the hepatic insulin-sensitizing substance (HISS) from the liver. Hepatic parasympathetic nerves play a permissive role in the release of HISS. HISS-dependent insulin resistance (HDIR) occurs in the absence of HISS. Fetal ethanol exposure has been shown to cause dose-dependent HDIR in adult male rat offspring. Since female offspring are more severely affected by in utero ethanol toxicity, we hypothesized that fetal alcohol exposure causes higher incidence and more severe HDIR in adult female offspring. Adult female rat offspring prenatally exposed to different concentrations of ethanol (0%, 15%, and 20%) were tested for insulin sensitivity using the rapid insulin sensitivity test (RIST). The RIST index was significantly reduced in the 15% (134.1 ± 16.1 mg/kg) and the 20% (98.7 ± 9.7 mg/kg) group compared with the 0% (220.9 ± 27.6 mg/kg) group. Administration of atropine produced significant additional HDIR in the 15% group (82.9 ± 14.5 mg/kg) but not the 20% group (83.8 ± 20.5 mg/kg) indicating complete HDIR had been produced in this group, contrary to the adult male offspring in a previous study. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that adult-female offspring are more severely affected by in utero ethanol exposure compared with adult-male offspring.Key words: fetal, alcohol, insulin resistance, gender, HISS, teratology, diabetes.

scholarly journals In Utero Fetal Weight in Pigs Is Regulated by microRNAs and Their Target Genes

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
Asghar Ali ◽  
Eduard Murani ◽  
Frieder Hadlich ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Klaus Wimmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle

Impaired skeletal muscle growth in utero can result in reduced birth weight and poor carcass quality in pigs. Recently, we showed the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes in prenatal skeletal muscle development and pathogenesis of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In this study, we performed an integrative miRNA-mRNA transcriptomic analysis in longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of pig fetuses at 63 days post conception (dpc) to identify miRNAs and genes correlated to fetal weight. We found 13 miRNAs in LDM significantly correlated to fetal weight, including miR-140, miR-186, miR-101, miR-15, miR-24, miR-29, miR-449, miR-27, miR-142, miR-99, miR-181, miR-199, and miR-210. The expression of these miRNAs decreased with an increase in fetal weight. We also identified 1315 genes significantly correlated to fetal weight at 63 dpc, of which 135 genes were negatively correlated as well as identified as potential targets of the above-listed 13 miRNAs. These miRNAs and their target genes enriched pathways and biological processes important for fetal growth, development, and metabolism. These results indicate that the transcriptomic profile of skeletal muscle can be used to predict fetal weight, and miRNAs correlated to fetal weight can serve as potential biomarkers of prenatal fetal health and growth.

scholarly journals Postnatal development of skeletal muscle in IUGR pigs: morphofunctional phenotype and molecular mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Pereira ◽  
F. Felicioni ◽  
A.L. Caldeira-Brant ◽  
D. Magnabosco ◽  
F.P. Bortolozzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Semitendinosus Muscle ◽  
Postnatal Myogenesis

AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a serious condition which impairs the achievement of the fetus full growth potential and occurs in a natural and severe manner in pigs. Knowledge on skeletal muscle morphofunctional phenotype and its molecular regulation in IUGR pigs is important to understand postnatal muscle development and may help the establishment of therapies to improve skeletal muscle growth in those individuals. To investigate the impairment of skeletal muscle postnatal development due to IUGR, we evaluated the histomorphometrical pattern of the semitendinosus muscle, the Myosin Heavy Chain (embryonic, I, IIa, IIb and IIx MyHC) fiber composition and the relative expression of genes related to myogenesis, adipogenesis and growth during three specific periods: postnatal myogenesis (newborn to 100 days of age), postnatal development (newborn to 150 days of age), and hypertrophy (100 days to 150 days of age), comparing IUGR and normal birth weight (NW) pigs. Growth restriction in utero affected muscle fiber diameter, total fiber number and muscle cross sectional area which were smaller in IUGR pigs at birth (P < 0.05). Even though the percentage of MyHC-I myofibers was higher in IUGR females at birth (P < 0.05), in older gilts, a lower percentage of MyHC-IIx isoform (P < 0.05) and the presence of emb-MyHC were also observed in that experimental group. Regarding the pattern of gene expression in the postnatal myogenesis period, growth restriction in utero led to a down regulation of myogenic factors, which delayed the expression of signals that induces skeletal muscle myogenesis (PAX7, MYOD, MYOG, MYF5 and DES). Taken together, the muscle morphofunctional aspects described and their ontogenetic regulation define the possible molecular origins of the notorious damage to the postnatal musculature development in IUGR pigs.

Reversal of cardiomyopathy resulting from prenatal exposure to ethanol

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 716-717
Author(s):  
C. Uphoff ◽  
C. Nyquist-Battie
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Newborn Mice

Fetal Alcohol Syndrone (FAS) is a syndrome with characteristic abnormalities resulting from prenatal exposure to ethanol. In many children with FAS syndrome gross pathological changes in the heart are seen with septal defects the most prevalent abnormality recorded. Few studies in animal models have been performed on the effects of ethanol on heart development. In our laboratory, it has been observed that prenatal ethanol exposure of Swiss albino mice results in abnormal cardiac muscle ultrastructure when mice were examined at birth and compared to pairfed and normal controls. Fig. 1 is an example of the changes that are seen in the ethanol-exposed animals. These changes include enlarged mitochondria with loss of inner mitochondrial membrane integrity and loss of myofibrils. Morphometric analysis substantiated the presence of these alterations from normal cardiac ultrastructure. The present work was undertaken to determine if the pathological changes seen in the newborn mice prenatally exposed to ethanol could be reversed with age and abstinence.

scholarly journals Key Genes Regulating Skeletal Muscle Development and Growth in Farm Animals

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi ◽  
Farhad Bordbar ◽  
Just Jensen ◽  
Min Du ◽  
Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factor

Farm-animal species play crucial roles in satisfying demands for meat on a global scale, and they are genetically being developed to enhance the efficiency of meat production. In particular, one of the important breeders’ aims is to increase skeletal muscle growth in farm animals. The enhancement of muscle development and growth is crucial to meet consumers’ demands regarding meat quality. Fetal skeletal muscle development involves myogenesis (with myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and fusion), fibrogenesis, and adipogenesis. Typically, myogenesis is regulated by a convoluted network of intrinsic and extrinsic factors monitored by myogenic regulatory factor genes in two or three phases, as well as genes that code for kinases. Marker-assisted selection relies on candidate genes related positively or negatively to muscle development and can be a strong supplement to classical selection strategies in farm animals. This comprehensive review covers important (candidate) genes that regulate muscle development and growth in farm animals (cattle, sheep, chicken, and pig). The identification of these genes is an important step toward the goal of increasing meat yields and improves meat quality.

Plectin regulates Wnt signaling mediated-skeletal muscle development by interacting with Dishevelled-2 and antagonizing autophagy

Gene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 783 ◽  
pp. 145562
Author(s):  
Huadong Yin ◽  
Shunshun Han ◽  
Can Cui ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Diyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development
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