Teachers’ Irrational Belief Scale: Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version and Measurement Invariance across Genders

Irrationality refers to human thoughts and beliefs that signify lack of rationality and entail erroneous perceptions about situational, personal, or collective idiosyncrasies, while it is independent of one’s intellectual ability. Irrational beliefs are ubiquitous in all social and cultural groups and attract a special interest in behavioral sciences, where the primary concern is the development of instruments for identifying and measuring them. The present study evaluates the psychometric properties of Greek version of Teachers’ Irrational Belief Scale (TIBS-G), a 25-item self-reported instrument using data collected from 835 participants. The exploratory procedure, implementing scree plot with parallel analysis, demonstrated the dimensionality of four factors, namely: Self-downing (SD), Authoritarianism (A), Demands for Justice (DJ), and Low Frustration Tolerance (LT). The corresponding reliability measures using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega were ranged between 0.70 and 0.80. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit of the measurement model [χ2 = 579.98, df = 183, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.960; TLI = 0.956; RMSEA = 0.051]. In addition, measurement invariance was performed, which demonstrated differences between genders. Finally, discussion on the importance of irrational beliefs and the possible implementation of the TIBS instrument in educational research is provided.

The Impact of Chinese College Students' Perceived Stress on Anxiety During the COVID-19 Epidemic: The Mediating Role of Irrational Beliefs

Objective: To explore the underlying mechanism of the impact of perceived stress on anxiety of the Chinese college students during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods: The Perceived Stress Scale, Irrational Belief Scale, and General Anxiety Scale were adopted in the current study. College students were randomly selected for online questionnaire survey. There were 1,598 valid questionnaires, and the proportion of women was 47.81%.Results: The perceived stress and anxiety, as well as the three dimensions of irrational beliefs (catastrophizing, low frustration tolerance, and depreciation) were significantly positively correlated; demandingness was not significantly correlated with anxiety. Further analysis found that the perceived stress had a significant positive predictive effect on the anxiety of college students. Catastrophizing, low frustration tolerance, and depreciation played part of the mediating role, and there was no significant difference in the strength of these mediating roles.Conclusion: The perceived stress of the COVID-19 epidemic had a positive effect on the anxiety of Chinese college students, this was partly mediated by irrational beliefs.

Emotional disorders

Emotional disorders in children with ADHD are often difficult to detect. The emotional problems that occur in children with ADHD fall into three categories: emotional characteristics of ADHD (low frustration tolerance, preoccupation, thrill-seeking, dysthymia, and overexcitability), reactive emotions to having ADHD, and coexisting emotional disorders (depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and bipolar disorder). Inefficient inhibitory processes in the brain are the basis of these emotional difficulties. It is essential to be aware of the frequent occurrence of emotional disorders in children with ADHD. This chapter discusses emotional disorders in ADHD, including the emotional characteristics of ADHD, reactive emotions, and coexisting emotional disorders.

Conducting Psychological Examinations for Citizens in Possession of Weapons: Strengthening State Control Over Circulation of Weapons

In the article, in connection with the introduction of amendments to the federal legislation, specific issues regarding the conducting of a psychological survey of citizens gun owners and candidates for gun ownership are considered. A battery of psychodiagnostic techniques that can be used in the course of a psychological examination (progressive matrices of J. Raven, a questionnaire of the Level of subjective control, and a method for diagnosing frustration tolerance from Rosenzweig, Minnesota Multidisciplinary Personality Questionnaire) is proposed and justified, as is an algorithm for conducting psychodiagnostic research. Furthermore, a proposal to include in the psychological examination, a psychological analysis of social networks (provided that the subject is a member of their group) has been made. The possible participation in the psychological survey gun owners and candidates for gun ownership psychologists of Rosgvardiya are justified and the specific form of their participation in the survey is indicated.

Psychosocial Impacts of the COVID-19 Quarantine: A Study of Gender Differences in 59 Countries

Background and Objectives: There is strong evidence in the literature that women experience psychological disorders at significantly higher rates than men. The higher rates of psychological disorders in women may partly be attributable to gender differences in response to stressors and coping styles. The objective of this study was to contribute to the growing body of literature investigating gender differences in mental health outcomes and coping styles during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in a large sample of individuals from 59 countries with variable demographic and socio-cultural characteristics. Materials and Methods: Survey data were collected from the general population following a snowball sampling method, and the survey was promoted through social media platforms and mailing lists. Participants included 6882 individuals from the general population from 59 countries around the world. A combination of both standardized and adapted measures was used to create a survey, originally in English and then translated to Spanish, Italian, French, German, and Turkish. Results: Compared with men, women presented with higher levels of trauma-related distress; had a harder time decompressing; were more depressed, anxious and stressed; showed decreased frustration tolerance and reported lower quality of sleep and an increased likelihood of taking sleep medication or other natural sleep remedies. Overall, women tended to be more vulnerable during the pandemic in developing symptoms consistent with various forms of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic distress. However, they also were more likely than men to use a variety of adaptive coping strategies, including concentrating on doing something about the situation and getting emotional support from others. Conclusions: A high prevalence of mood symptoms was noted among women. In addition to meeting the physical health needs of the population, emphasis needs to be given to mental health and the prevention of psychiatric disorders, particularly in women.

Examining ethical leadership in health care organizations and its impacts on employee work attitudes: an empirical analysis from Austria

Purpose This study aims to examine the effects of ethical leadership on job satisfaction, affective commitment and burnout of health care employees, considering frustration tolerance and emotional stability as moderating variables. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was used to survey health care professionals working in private and public Austrian health-care organizations (hospitals, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers and sanatoriums). The questionnaire consisted of items from well-established scales. The collected data (n = 458) was analyzed using correlation and regression analyzes. Findings Findings indicated that ethical leadership is significantly positively related to job satisfaction (r = 0.485, p < 0.01) and affective commitment (r = 0.461, p < 0.01) and is significantly negatively related to burnout (r = −0.347, p < 0.01). The results also suggest that frustration tolerance (ß = 0.101, p < 0.1) and emotional stability (ß = 0.093, p < 0.1) moderate the relationship between ethical leadership and burnout. Furthermore, a moderation effect of emotional stability in the ethical leadership and affective commitment relation was indicated. No moderation effect was found for frustration tolerance or emotional stability for the relationship between ethical leadership and job satisfaction. Practical implications Ethical leadership emphasizes the socio-emotional dimension in a leader-employee relationship, which can easily be neglected in times of staff cuts and work overload. Leadership training should include the development of skills in how to visibly act as a moral person, as well as how to set clear ethical standards and communicate them to employees. Originality/value This study adds value to the limited evidence on the beneficial role of ethical leadership in health care settings. In addition, frustration tolerance and emotional stability have not before been investigated as moderators.

080 Is Napping Only Beneficial to Evening Chronotypes? A Pilot Study

Introduction Research shows associations between chronotype and behavior. While eveningness is associated with lower levels of self-control, morningness is associated with increased conscientiousness. Additionally, throughout the day, the increase in homeostatic sleep pressure due to wakefulness can affect executive functioning, including emotional regulation. Napping is an effective countermeasure to sleepiness and associated emotional dysregulation, but the impact of chronotype on this benefit is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of chronotype and a midday nap on an aspect of emotional regulation: frustration tolerance. Methods 40 participants between the ages of 18–50 were randomized into a 60-minute, midday nap or no-nap condition. Chronotype was measured using the Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Frustration tolerance (FT) was measured pre and post nap using an adaption of Feather’s frustration tolerance task where FT was measured as the time spent on an impossible task. To examine the association of chronotype and FT, correlational analysis was used. Chronotype was also determined using a median split of the MEQ due to few true morning and evening types in the sample. This data was then subjected to a repeated measures ANOVA with condition (pre or post-nap) as a within-subjects factor and group (nap or no-nap; high or low MEQ score) as between-subject factors. Results Results revealed a significant correlation between MEQ score and change in time spent on the impossible task, with those with lower MEQ scores (more evening) showing an increase in time spent on the impossible task, r(20) = -.51, p = .016. Similarly, results of the ANOVA revealed a significant condition (pre or post-nap) by group (nap, no nap; high, low MEQ) interaction, F(1,1) = 4.694, p = .039, such that, those in the nap group with lower MEQ (more evening) spent more time on the impossible task following the nap. Conclusion Our results indicate that chronotype may impact a nap’s positive effect on emotional regulation, with greater benefit for those with the eveningness chronotype. Because napping is currently practiced by 1/3 of American adults, from a personalized medicine perspective, it’s imperative that its chronotype-dependent benefits be investigated further to effectively guide evidence-based recommendations. Support (if any):

The Relationship Between College Teachers’ Frustration Tolerance and Academic Performance

The purpose of this study was twofold: to validate the College Teachers’ Academic Frustration Tolerance (CTAFT) Questionnaire and the College Teachers’ Academic Performance (CTAP) Questionnaire and to explore the relationship between frustration tolerance and academic performance among college teachers. A total of 25 experts were recruited to modify and validate both questionnaires, and the results showed that the questionnaires had good content validity. Exploratory factor analysis provided further evidence supporting the reliability of the CTAFT and the CTAP, suggesting that the instruments are reliable and valid. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that frustration tolerance affected academic performance, which could best be modeled in the three dimensions of Affect (AF), Preferred Difficulties (PD), and Action (AC). A total of 450 college teachers from each faculty of both universities were then recruited to explore the significant positive correlation between academic frustration tolerance and academic performance. The results from the structural equation model suggested that AC and PD combined significantly predicted academic performance. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the relationship between college teachers’ academic frustration tolerance and academic performance in China.

How psychological frustration tolerance and self-esteem influence the association between father absence and hostility in depressed adolescents: a multiple mediation model

Background: In China, father absence is a very common phenomenon, causing many mental health problems, such as the hostility of depressed teenagers. This study is to explore the relationship between father absence and hostility of depressed adolescents as well as the mediating effects of self-esteem and psychological frustration tolerance.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among depressed adolescents in Wuhan mental health center. They were assessed with Father absence questionnaire, Chinese Hostility Inventory, Psychological Endurance Questionnaire and Self-esteem Scale. We used PROCESS macro for SPSS to perform mediation analyses.Results: The level of adolescent hostility was positively correlated with father absence, and negatively correlated with self-esteem and psychological frustration tolerance. Father absence had not a direct impact on the level of hostility with depression, but had indirect impact via psychological frustration tolerance and self-esteem. Conclusion: Psychological frustration tolerance and self-esteem has a chain mediating effect on the relationship between father absence and hostility. Future intervention strategies could focus on psychological frustration tolerance and self-esteem to reduce the level of hostility of adolescents with depression.

Training of postgraduate students – future teachers to pedagogical activities

The article analyzes the focus of modern pedagogical education on the development of a professional teacher capable of updating personal and creative potential. The author uses the following methods: analysis and synthesis of thematic scientific information, results of research by specialists in the area under consideration; synthesis and systematization of facts and provisions; pedagogical observation. Also, it substantiates the main conditions for the professional formation of a graduate student-future teacher: the development of professional self-consciousness, the formation of frustration tolerance, communicative competence, the need to develop personal and professional competencies. Experience of introduction of practical-oriented system of training aimed at formation of pedagogical orientation, development of professional pedagogical thinking, social-perceptual and communicative skills of graduate students-future teachers is presented. The article proves the need for a value and meaning orientation of professional training in psychological and pedagogical education, which leads to semantic search and semantic construction in pedagogical activity. Training forms and methods that conducive to the development of personal and professional competencies are described: pedagogical studio, art-therapeutic workshop, communication training; conflict method, analysis of pedagogical situations, analysis of artistic and pedagogical works, mastering of partnership interaction techniques. Awareness of a postgraduate student a future teacher of his potential, prospects for personal and professional growth encourages him to constantly experiment in the course of his professional activity, search, creativity and choice. The sooner the directed personal and professional development of the teacher begins, the more it is possible to predict his psychological well-being and personal growth