European Monetary Unit (EMC)

2008 ◽  
pp. 109-109
Author(s):  
Sara González Fernández ◽  
Juan Mascareñas Pérez-Iñigo

El relato monetario europeo, desde el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial hasta la puesta en marcha del Sistema Monetario Europeo y el ECU, se define mediante la paradoja de que los estados miembros de la CEE aspiraban a una mayor unión económica y, al mismo tiempo, se resistían a ceder soberanía en el terreno monetario. Los desajustes provocados por esta paradoja ponían en peligro la viabilidad del proyecto europeo. Con objeto de hacerles frente, el mundo privado impulsó la creación y utilización de “monedas-cesta”, como la European Monetary Unit o el “Eurco” que, paralelamente, servían para señalar al mundo político la necesidad de una moneda única europea. Todo ello en un contexto internacional en el que el dólar y sus problemas se trasladaban a las divisas de los estados de la CEE haciendo muy difícil mantener un equilibrio en el valor del comercio intracomunitario, lo que implicaba crisis monetarias continuas.


2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-548
Author(s):  
H. Bourguinat

Abstract European monetary integration policy nowadays centers on the search for a common money by opposition to a single monetary unit; but many problems remain as to the means of achieving this end. After reviewing the perennial discussions concerned with the foundations of this monetary integration (e.g. the problems of the optimum of a monetary area, where Mr. Bourguinat challenges the criteria based on differential factor mobility or on the relative degree of "openness"), the study analyses the narrowing of margins in the light of recent experience. Considering the events of 1972 and 1973 the narrowing of margins is a very difficult task; it means nothing less than creating for the E.E.C. members an island of stability in a world environment becoming evermore flexible. The freedom which has been lost on exchange rate fluctuations seems to have resulted in an increased instability of par values (e.g. the successive revaluations of the deutschmark, the florin, etc.). For the achievement of a truly common money the author suggests an alternative approach: it consists in issuing, side by side with national currencies, a unit called an Europa; serving initially as a unit of account, the Europa would gradually become a true means of payment.


2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Karen Donfried

Wolf-Dieter Eberwein and Karl Kaiser, Germany’s New Foreign Policy: Decision-Making in an Independent World (Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001)Adrian Hyde-Price, Germany & European Order: Enlarging NATO and the EU (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000)Matthias Kaelberer, Money and Power in Europe: The Political Economy of European Monetary Cooperation (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001)


Author(s):  
Ihor Soroka

The question of whether or not to adopt the euro is a very important one, not only for the 13 European Union members that do not share the same currency, but also for future EU candidates. Current literature on the effect of the euro on trade is scarce since the European Monetary Union (EMU) was officially created in 1999, and up until recently there has not been enough data to analyze this issue. This paper aims to estimate the effect of the euro on trade between member countries using the standard gravity model of trade. Using data from current 25 EU members over the period from 1997 to 2004, I show that higher trade volumes between EMU members cannot be attributed to the adoption of the euro. I find evidence that the euro adoption has had a short-run effect on bilateral trade and that this effect is eliminated over a short period of time. My findings suggest that members of the EMU trade on average from 8.8% to 47% more compared to non-members depending on the type of regression used, while members of the Free Trade Agreement trade 61.3% more. The effect of the euro on trade is eliminated as soon as I control for country-pair specific effects that include the FTA effect as well as history of trade relations between two countries. I conclude that the adoption of the euro should be seen as a final step in the European economic and monetary integration for countries that already benefit from relatively high volumes of bilateral trade. Full text availale at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i1.166


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