Iron and steel: Manufacturing route

2003 ◽  
pp. 267-286
Author(s):  
P. Beiss
Keyword(s):  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Steel Manufacturing

A novel evaluation method for energy efficiency of process industry— A case study of typical iron and steel manufacturing process

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 121081
Author(s):  
Hongming Na ◽  
Jingchao Sun ◽  
Ziyang Qiu ◽  
Jianfei He ◽  
Yuxing Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Steel Manufacturing

Technological Effects of Metallurgical Industry Restructuring in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Gajdzik ◽  
Krystian Janiszewski
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Open Hearth ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Industry Restructuring ◽  
Steel Manufacturing

The publication presents changes occurring in technological processes of producing steel after transformation of economic system in Poland after year 1989 and conducted repair programs within restructuring of metallurgical industry of iron and steel. Changes were based on withdrawals of economically unprofitable technologies, including open hearth furnaces through expansion of electrical and converter technologies of steel manufacturing up to activities which were connected with changing the profile of manufactured assortment.

scholarly journals PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution in a megacity of southwest China: source apportionment and implication

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 5147-5196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tao ◽  
J. Gao ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
R. Zhang ◽  
H. Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Pmf Model ◽  
Steel Manufacturing

Abstract. Daily PM2.5 (aerosol particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm) samples were collected at an urban site in Chengdu, an inland megacity in southwest China, during four one-month periods in 2011, with each period in a different season. Samples were subjected to chemical analysis for various chemical components ranging from major water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), trace elements to biomass burning tracers, anhydrosugar levoglucosan (LG) and mannosan (MN). Two models, ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic equilibrium model and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, were applied to explore the likely chemical forms of ionic constituents and to apportion sources for PM2.5. Distinctive seasonal patterns of PM2.5 and associated main chemical components were identified and could be explained by varying emission sources and meteorological conditions. PM2.5 showed a typical seasonality of waxing in winter and waning in summer, with an annual mean of 119 μg m−3. Mineral soil concentrations increased in spring whereas biomass burning species elevated in autumn and winter. Six major source factors were identified to have contributed to PM2.5 using the PMF model. These were secondary inorganic aerosols, coal combustion, biomass burning, iron and steel manufacturing, Mo-related industries, and soil dust, and they contributed 37 ± 18%, 20 ± 12%, 11 ± 10%, 11 ± 9%, 11 ± 9%, and 10 ± 12%, respectively, to PM2.5 masses on annual average, while exhibiting large seasonal variability. On annual average, the unknown emission sources that were not identified by the PMF model contributed 1 ± 11% to the measured PM2.5 mass. Various chemical tracers were used for validating PMF performance. Antimony (Sb) was suggested to be a suitable tracer of coal combustion in Chengdu. Results of LG and MN helped constrain the biomass burning sources, with wood burning dominating in winter and agricultural waste burning dominating in autumn. Excessive Fe (Ex-Fe), defined as excessive portion in measured Fe that cannot be sustained by mineral dust, is corroborated to be a straightforward useful tracer of iron and steel manufacturing pollution. In Chengdu, Mo/Ni mass ratios were persistently higher than unity, and considerably distinct from those usually observed in ambient airs. V/Ni ratios averaged at only 0.7. Results revealed that heavy oil fuel combustion should not be a vital anthropogenic source, and additional anthropogenic sources for Mo are yet to be identified. Overall, the emission sources identified in Chengdu could be dominated by local sources located in the vicinity of Sichuan, a result differed from those found in Beijing and Shanghai, wherein cross-boundary transport is significant in contributing pronounced PM2.5. These results provided implications for PM2.5 control strategies.

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