Plant Breeding: Clonality — A Concept for Stability and Variability During Vegetative Propagation

Abstract It is thought that plant propagation, i.e. multiplying plants, preserving their qualities, and tending them, began approx. 10,000 years ago when people began to cultivate plants for food and other products (Hartman et al., 2010). Most basic methods of plant propagation had been discovered before the start of recorded history, and many plant species had already been domesticated (selected and adapted to human use), including cereals and legumes (Hartman et al., 2010). The two main types of plant propagation are sexual and asexual propagation. Sexual propagation usually involves the production of seed, leading to production of progeny with variable characteristics, so it is often used in plant breeding. Asexual propagation leads to clones of the parent plant and is useful when specific characteristics are desired in the new plants. There are many different forms of asexual or vegetative propagation, including cuttings, grafting, division, storage organs and in vitro techniques.

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INTRODUCTION OF EXPLANTS AND REPRODUCTION ON NUTRIENT MEDIUM OF DONOR MATERIAL IN VITRO VARIETIES OF CALLISTEPHUS CHINENSIS (L.) NESS. FOR ITS FURTHER USE IN LANDSCAPING

10.32014/2020.2518-1467.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (383) ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

V. Polishchuk ◽

S. Turchina ◽

A. Balabak ◽

I. Kozachenko ◽

V. Mamchur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Breeding ◽

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Nutrient Medium ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Plant Biotechnology ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Selection Of

The relevance of the research topic. On the recent methods of biotechnology are increasingly used in plant breeding and seed production. Herbaceous plants such as strawberries, potatoes, a vegetable, some medicinal and others are capable of vegetative propagation the traditional methods of culture, successfully introduced in both in vitro and can achieve a high rate of reproduction. Modern plant biotechnology – the sum of the technologies developed in molecular and cell biology of plants – a new stage in the development of the technology of plant breeding. With these improved characteristics may occur at the level of individual genes and individual genes that determine a specific trait, can be identified. They may be the final selection, they can be isolated, insert, delete, or modify the genotype or variety. Goal. Identify the features of the manifestation of economically valuable features and decorative properties of Callistephus chinensis and the inclusion of the best varieties in the biotech link, their adaptation to the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and their further use in landscaping. Methods. Laboratory – determination of seed germination; mathematical and statistical - for processing the reliability of the obtained research results. Results. The nutrient medium for growing plant tissues and cells, by analogy with the medium for culturing animal tissues, should contain all that the tissues in the plant organism receive from xylem and phloem currents of substances. However, in practice it has been found that vegetable juices cannot serve as a complete nutrient medium for growing isolated tissues and cells. This manifests the specificity of the receipt, transportation and especially the redistribution of nutrients in the plant. Based on the analysis, research was conducted to study the possibility of mass off-season vegetative propagation of plants of Callistephus chinensis in vitro. Practical recommendations on the selection of sterilizer, sterilization, nutrient medium and for the adaptation period of the best genotypes of this culture have been developed. As a result of the conducted researches the methods of selection of the initial plant material of Callistephus chinensis (Callistephus Chinensis (L.) NEES) and its surface sterilization, modification of existing aseptic culture methods have been studied and mastered. The morphogenetic potential of explants from different plant organs was investigated and selection of nutrient medium and study of the influence of plant growth regulators and physical parameters on the process of morphogenesis was carried out. The features of regeneration of isolated explants depending on the composition of the nutrient medium and selection of conditions for obtaining self-clones of Callistephus chinensis (Callistephus Chinensis (L.) NEES) were studied. Key words: in vitro, plant biotechnology, Callistephus Chinensis, nutrient medium, rhizogenesis.

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Breeding of frosthardy rhododendrons

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72296 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 235-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Uosukainen ◽

P. M. A. Tigerstedt

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Plant Breeding ◽

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Minimum Temperature ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Field Trials ◽

Severe Damage ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Maternal Parent ◽

New Cultivars

In 1973 a Rhododendron breeding program was started at the Department of Plant Breeding, University of Helsinki. The program was based on the extremely hardy rhododendron material that had been naturally selected at Arboretum Mustila. The aim was to create new frosthardy cultivars that could tolerate minimum temperatures below —35°C in mid-winter. Rhododendron brachycarpum subsp. tigerstedtii Nitz. was used as the maternal parent in the majority of crosses. Also R. smirnowii and R. catawbiense were used as sources for winter hardiness. Totally 148 different combinations were done between species, species and hybrids and between hybrids. The total number of matings was 496. Over 20 000 seedlings were obtained and a total of 13 752 plants were planted in field trials on eight different test sites between 1975—1979. After two extremely cold winters, 1984/85 and 86/87, about 60 % of the plants died or were severely damaged. R. brachycarpum subsp. tigerstedtii crosses with either R. smirnowii or R. calawbiense gave the best genetic material for better climatic adaptation. The progenies of these crosses survived without any severe damage when minimum temperature was as low as 37°C. Tissue culture methods were developed and used in vegetative propagation of selected ortets. By the end of 1987 six clones have been released as new cultivars for commercial propagation.

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