scholarly journals Breeding of frosthardy rhododendrons

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Uosukainen ◽  
P. M. A. Tigerstedt
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
New Cultivars

In 1973 a Rhododendron breeding program was started at the Department of Plant Breeding, University of Helsinki. The program was based on the extremely hardy rhododendron material that had been naturally selected at Arboretum Mustila. The aim was to create new frosthardy cultivars that could tolerate minimum temperatures below —35°C in mid-winter. Rhododendron brachycarpum subsp. tigerstedtii Nitz. was used as the maternal parent in the majority of crosses. Also R. smirnowii and R. catawbiense were used as sources for winter hardiness. Totally 148 different combinations were done between species, species and hybrids and between hybrids. The total number of matings was 496. Over 20 000 seedlings were obtained and a total of 13 752 plants were planted in field trials on eight different test sites between 1975—1979. After two extremely cold winters, 1984/85 and 86/87, about 60 % of the plants died or were severely damaged. R. brachycarpum subsp. tigerstedtii crosses with either R. smirnowii or R. calawbiense gave the best genetic material for better climatic adaptation. The progenies of these crosses survived without any severe damage when minimum temperature was as low as 37°C. Tissue culture methods were developed and used in vegetative propagation of selected ortets. By the end of 1987 six clones have been released as new cultivars for commercial propagation.

The use of in vitro methods for plant genetic conservation

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Wilkins ◽  
T. Bengochea ◽  
J. H. Dodds
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Genetic Conservation ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Controlled Conditions

The preservation of genetically stable tissue for future propagation is of fundamental importance to plant breeders. In many cases this can be done by storing seed under carefully controlled conditions but there are many plants for which this is not possible or may not be economically feasible. This article reviews current techniques of long-term conservation of plant genetic material by tissue culture methods.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of the new apple rootstock ‘G. 814’

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Meneguzzi ◽  
Mayra Juline Gonçalves ◽  
Samila Silva Camargo ◽  
Fernanda Grimaldi ◽  
Gabriela Candido Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Soil Pests ◽  
Great Yield

ABSTRACT: International breeding programs launched new genetic material of apple rootstocks that in addition to precocity and great yield are resistant to major diseases and soil pests encountered in the largest apple producing regions in Brazil. Given this, there is a necessity for vegetative propagation of these materials for study and possible replacement of existing rootstocks. The objective was to adapt a micropropagation protocol for new apple rootstock ‘G. 814’. In the multiplication phase were evaluated BAP concentrations: 0; 0.5; 1; 2 and 4mg L-1 and in the rooting phase were evaluated IBA concentrations: 0; 0.25; 0.50; 1; 1.5 and 2.5mg L-1. These new results demonstrated that this new rootstock selection can be propagated with this tissue culture adapted protocol. For the successful in vitro propagation of apple rootstock ‘G. 814’ it is indicated the use of 1mg L-1 BAP at multiplication phase and 1.5mg L-1 IBA at rooting phase.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genetic variability of a tetraploid wheat collection grown in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-612
Author(s):  
A. Zatybekov ◽  
S. Anuarbek ◽  
S. Abugalieva ◽  
Y. Turuspekov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Local Breeding ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
New Cultivars

New cultivars adapted to major durum wheat growing environments are essential for the cultivation of this crop. The development of new cultivars has required the availability of diverse genetic material and their extensive field trials. In this work, a collection of tetraploid wheat consisting of 85 accessions was tested in the field conditions of Almaty region during 2018 and 2019. The accessions were ranged according to nine agronomic traits studied, and accessions with the highest yield performance for Almaty region of Kazakhstan were revealed. The ANOVA suggested that the performance of agronomic traits were influenced both by Environment and Genotype. Also, the collection was analyzed using seven SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers. From 3 to 6 alleles per locus were revealed, with an average of 4.6, while the effective number of alleles was 2.8. Nei’s genetic diversity was in the range of 0.45–0.69. The results showed high values of polymorphism index content (PIC) in the range of 0.46–0.70, with an average of 0.62, suggesting that 6 out of 7 SSRs were highly informative (PIC > 0.5). Phylogenetic analysis of the collection has allowed the separation of accessions into six clusters. The local accessions were presented in all six clusters with the majority of them grouped in the first three clusters designated as A, B, and C, respectively. The relations between SSR markers and agronomic traits in the collection were studied. The results can be efficiently used for the enhancement of local breeding projects for the improvement of yield productivity in durum wheat.

Tissue Culture in Forestry: Economic and Genetic Potential

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadiq Hasnain ◽  
William Cheliak
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Forest Tree Breeding ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Potential

Vegetative propagation of Canadian conifers by tissue culture methods will allow the exploitation of the maximum genetic gain achieved in forest tree breeding programs. Tissue culture could provide a much more rapid means for delivering the genetic gain achieved to the commercial forests. Key Words: Forestry, biotechnology, plant tissue culutre, genetics, tree improvement.

scholarly journals (253) TAM `Dulcito' and `Tropic Bell'—Two New Sweet Peppers with Enhanced Beneficial Phytochemical Levels

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020A-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Crosby ◽  
Daniel I. Leskovar ◽  
Kil Sun Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Related Compound ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Greenhouse Cultivation ◽  
Green Stage ◽  
New Cultivars

At the Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, plant breeding has produced pepper lines with enhanced beneficial phytochemical levels. TAM `Dulcito' is a new jalapeño cultivar with no detectable levels of capsaicin, but increased levels of lutein. In greenhouse cultivation, it contained 122 ppm of this important human health-related compound, which aids in prevention of macular degeneration. This is a significant improvement over popular cultivars, such as `Grande', which contained 25 ppm or less. In addition to improved lutein levels, `Dulcito' also possesses resistance to three important potyviruses: TEV, PepMoV, and PVY. In field trials at Weslaco, Texas, `Dulcito' outyielded both TAM `Mild Jalapeño 2', and `Mitla'. This new cultivar produces a concentrated set of large, thick-fleshed fruit with few cuticular cracks. Because of its lack of pungency, it should be useful for the processing industry. TAM `Tropic Bell' is a medium-sized, blocky bell with enhanced levels of both ascorbic acid and lutein compared to other cultivars. Grown under greenhouse conditions, it contained 100 ppm lutein compared to 6 ppm in `Jupiter'. It also contained 660 ppm ascorbic acid at the green stage, compared to less than 100 ppm for three commercial bell cultivars tested. `Tropic Bell' produced yields equal to both `Valiant' and `Summer Sweet' commercial hybrids at Weslaco. Fruit of `Tropic Bell' were slightly smaller than the hybrid cultivars. TAM `Tropic Bell' possesses resistance to the same three potyviruses as `Dulcito' and demonstrated excellent tolerance to Phytophthora capsici in a controlled inoculation. These two new cultivars will be useful for production in locations with high potyvirus pressure or as specialty market items for health-conscious consumers.

scholarly journals Development of Vegetative Propagation Technology of Teak Plant in Small Holder Forest

Jurnal Wasian ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Hamdan Adma Adinugraha ◽  
Mahfudz Mahfudz
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Mother Tree ◽  
Clonal Test ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Material Extraction

Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of popular and important carpentry wood in Indonesia. However teak production for carpentry material cannot balance the increasing need for domestic and export market. The increased production from small holder forest can be alternative way to supply national wood need. Therefore science and technology play role to support forest productivity eg superior seedling from vegetative propagation. The preparing of superior seed took several steps i.e. selection from mother tree, genetic material extraction, grafting activity using budding technique, hedge orchard establishment, and mass production used cutting rotted or tissue culture. From clonal test we can derive superior seed which adaptive with development location and has better productivity.

Vegetative propagation of Piceaglauca by tissue culture

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Campbell ◽  
Donald J. Durzan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Hypocotyl Segments

By using tissue culture methods, multiple complete white spruce plants were regenerated from individual hypocotyl segments. The plants thrived and grew vigorously after transfer from in vitro culture to soil in pots. There are indications that the method will work with tissue collected from mature trees as well. This provides a potential means for the vegetative propagation of superior genotypes for reforestation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Different Environmental Conditions during Vegetative Propagation on Growth, Survival, and Biochemical Characteristics in Populus Hybrids in Clonal Field Trial

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 892
Author(s):  
Valda Gudynaitė-Franckevičienė ◽  
Alfas Pliūra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Growing Conditions

To have a cleaner environment, good well-being, and improve the health of citizens it is necessary to expand green urban and suburban areas using productive and adapted material of tree species. The quality of urban greenery, resistance to negative climate change factors and pollution, as well as efficiency of short-rotation forestry in suburban areas, depends primarily on the selection of hybrids and clones, suitable for the local environmental conditions. We postulate that ecogenetic response, phenotypic plasticity, and genotypic variation of hybrid poplars (Populus L.) grown in plantations are affected not only by the peculiarities of hybrids and clones, but also by environmental conditions of their vegetative propagation. The aim of the present study was to estimate growth and biochemical responses, the phenotypic plasticity, genotypic variation of adaptive traits, and genetically regulated adaptability of Populus hybrids in field trials which may be predisposed by the simulated contrasting temperature conditions at their vegetative propagation phase. The research was performed with the 20 cultivars and experimental clones of one intraspecific cross and four different interspecific hybrids of poplars propagated under six contrasting temperature regimes in phytotron. The results suggest that certain environmental conditions during vegetative propagation not only have a short-term effect on tree viability and growth, but also can help to adapt to climate change conditions and grow successfully in the long-term. It was found that tree growth and biochemical traits (the chlorophyll A and B, pigments content and the chlorophyll A/B ratio) of hybrid poplar clones grown in field trials, as well as their traits’ genetic parameters, were affected by the rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation phase. Hybrids P. balsamifera × P. trichocarpa, and P. trichocarpa × P. trichocarpa have shown the most substantial changes of biochemical traits across vegetative propagation treatments in field trial. Rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation had also an impact on coefficients of genotypic variation and heritability in hybrid poplar clones when grown in field trials.

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