Features of morphotypic selection in populations of Serratula coronata L. cultivated in the conditions of the Moscow region

The article presents the results of morphotypic analysis of populations of perennial medicinal and fodder crops cultivated in the Moscow region (Serratula coronata L.). In the introduction, the botanical characteristics of the crowned sickle are given, the prospects and advantages of phytoecdysteroids obtained from raw materials are noted. The aim of the study is a comparative assessment of cultivated populations of S. coronata by morphotypic composition, determination of the age period for the selection of initial forms for breeding. The object of the study was the different geographical origin S. coronata three cultivated populations (Samarskaya, Belgorodskaya, Syktyvkarskaya from Rep. Komi). We have tested the application of methods for assessing varieties by uniformity, distinctness, stability for morphotypic selection in the population when creating improved, initial and breeding material. The article presents the results of the analysis of the morphotypic composition of populations by morphological characteristics and the productivity of raw materials according to long-term data (2013-2017, Moscow region, VILAR), the age period during which morphotypic selection should be carried out is established, morphotypes that are of the greatest value during selection are identified and described. The age period during which morphotypic selection should be carried out is established: 3-5 year, since the morphotype is fully formed by the 3rd year. It is established that plants in cultivated populations of Serratula coronata are represented by 2-3 morphotypes based on the height and leafiness of the generative shoot, the length of the stem leaves and the mass of the shoot. When selecting, the highest value is represented by tall morphotypes with medium-length leaves (~60-70% of them in each population), but morphotypes with medium leafiness should be selected among them (only ~41-51% of them in each population, only in the Syktyvkarskaya population – up to 69 %). The results of the study are relevant in the aspect of creating an improved, initial and breeding material of the Serratula coronata. Keywords: MEDICINAL PLANTS, SERRATULA CORONATA L., PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY, MORPHOTYPE, POPULATION, PRODUCTIVITY, QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS, SELECTION

Separation and HPLC Characterization of Active Natural Steroids in a Standardized Extract from the Serratula coronata Herb with Antiseborrheic Dermatitis Activity

Phytoecdysteroids are natural compounds with therapeutic benefits in both humans and animals. The effectiveness of natural products with health potential is based on the activities and potencies of their active ingredients. In this study, dominant ecdysteroids—ajugasterone C, 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B—from the Serratula coronata (S. coronata) herb were separated by column chromatography, identified by spectroscopic data and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The obtained concentration of ecdysteroids (approximately 23%) in the S. coronatae herb extract enhances the possibility of their use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products with high levels of phytoecdysteroids. Moreover, this study has shown a positive effect of ecdysteroids-containing cream on changes in quality of life and a beneficial effect in reducing the symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis. It has been demonstrated that the application of the cream with phytoecdysteroids resulted in a statistically significant alleviation of symptoms (p < 0.05), especially in terms of itching, pain or burning sensations in the affected areas in comparison to previous symptoms.

FEATURES OF THE COMPOSITION OF FLAVONOIDS IN THE CROWNED SAW-WORT (SERRATULA CORONATA L.S.L.) SIBERIA AND THE FAR EAST OF RUSSIA

One of the common plants in Siberia and the Far East of Russia, but little studied, is the crowned saw-wort (Serratula coronata L.s.l.) of the aster family (Asteraceae). The value of this plant is determined by its high content of phytoecdysteroids and flavonoids. From the aerial part (leaves, stems) of S. coronata L.s.l., growing in Siberia (Altai Region), by liquid extraction methods (70% ethanol) and preparative column chromatography on silica gel in the gradient elution mode with a mixture of solvents (carbon tetrachloride and ethyl alcohol), 2 flavonoids were isolated: quercetin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. Identification of the isolated compounds was carried out by UV-, NMR-13C-, 1H, 13C-HMBC-spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry. The reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was the first to investigate the qualitative composition and quantitative content of individual flavonoids in S. coronata L.s.l. plants growing in Altai and in the Primorsky region of the Russian Federation. The composition of flavonoid glycosides and the distribution of their aglycones in Siberian and Far Eastern plants differ and this can be considered a chemotaxonomic trait of the species S. coronata L.s.l. The spectrophotometry method was used to determine the sum of flavonoids in the aerial organs of crowned saw-wort growing in Altai and Primorsky region. The content of flavonoids in the leaves of the plant (6.7–8.3%) exceeds their content in the stems (0.5–0.9%). Crowned saw-wort sickle is a potential source of biologically active compounds of this class.

Effect of infusion of serratula coronate on the metabolism and growth young sheep

The influence of water infusion of sickle leaves (Serratula coronata) on the growth of young sheep and biochemical profile of blood serum was studied. Against the background of protein deficiency and excessive fiber feeding, a positive trend of increasing the growth rate of lambs depending on the daily dose of the infusion of the sickle was revealed. Young animals, receiving 300 and 400 ml of infusion per day, increased their live weight for two months of experience by 1,68 and 1,86 kg more control, or 17,9 and 19,9%, respectively (p ≥ 0,05). An increase in serum albumin and A/G coefficient to 24% (p ≥ 0,05) while reducing urea to 28% (p ≤ 0,05). It is shown that under the influence of ecdysteroids there is a tendency to normalize the level of glucose in the blood of young animals as a result of the activation of gluconeogenesis due to the reamination of amino acids. This was confirmed by an increase in the activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase. The obtained data on the multifaceted metabolic effects of the infusion of sickle crowned allow us to recommend it as a feed additive that increases the growth rate of young sheep.