Action of Putative Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators on Neurones in the Ventral Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body

1997 ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Robertson ◽  
Xueyong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Nucleus ◽  
Trapezoid Body

scholarly journals The Untouchable Ventral Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body: Preservation of a Nucleus in an Animal Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusra Mansour ◽  
Randy J. Kulesza
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Superior Olivary Complex ◽  
Medial Geniculate ◽  
Ventral Nucleus ◽  
Descending Projections ◽  
Trapezoid Body

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by repetitive behaviors, poor social skills, and difficulties with communication and hearing. The hearing deficits in ASD range from deafness to extreme sensitivity to routine environmental sounds. Previous research from our lab has shown drastic hypoplasia in the superior olivary complex (SOC) in both human cases of ASD and in an animal model of autism. However, in our study of the human SOC, we failed to find any changes in the total number of neurons in the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body (VNTB) or any changes in cell body size or shape. Similarly, in animals prenatally exposed to the antiepileptic valproic acid (VPA), we failed to find any changes in the total number, size or shape of VNTB neurons. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the neurotransmitter profiles, ascending and descending axonal projections of the VNTB are also preserved in these neurodevelopmental conditions. We investigated this hypothesis using a combination of immunohistochemistry and retrograde tract tracing. We found no difference between control and VPA-exposed animals in the number of VNTB neurons immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Additionally, we investigated the ascending projections from the VNTB to both the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (CNIC) and medial geniculate (MG) and descending projections to the cochlea. Our results indicate no significant differences in the ascending and descending projections from the VNTB between control and VPA-exposed animals despite drastic changes in these projections from surrounding nuclei. These findings provide evidence that certain neuronal populations and circuits may be protected against the effects of neurodevelopmental disorders.

scholarly journals Deafferentation-Induced Redistribution of MMP-2, but Not of MMP-9, Depends on the Emergence of GAP-43 Positive Axons in the Adult Rat Cochlear Nucleus

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Fredrich ◽  
Robert-Benjamin Illing
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Ecm Remodeling ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Anteroventral Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Ventral Nucleus ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Trapezoid Body

The matrix metalloproteinases MMP-9 and MMP-2, major modulators of the extracellular matrix (ECM), were changed in amount and distribution in the rat anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) following its sensory deafferentation by cochlear ablation. To determine what causal relationships exist between the redistribution of MMP-9 and MMP-2 and deafferentation-induced reinnervation, kainic acid was stereotaxically injected into the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body (VNTB) prior to cochlear ablation, killing cells that deliver the growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) into AVCN. Deafferentation-induced changes in the pattern of MMP-9 staining remained unaffected by VNTB lesions. By contrast, changes in the distribution of MMP-2 normally evoked by sensory deafferentation were reversed if GAP-43 positive axons were prevented to grow in AVCN. In conclusion, GAP-43-containing axons emerging in AVCN after cochlear ablation seem to be causal for the maintenance of MMP-2-mediated ECM remodeling.

Riesensynapsen im zentralen Hörsystem

e-Neuroforum ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Felmy ◽  
Thomas Künzel
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Giant Synapses ◽  
Ventral Nucleus ◽  
Lateral Nucleus ◽  
Trapezoid Body

AbstractGiant synapses in the central auditory system.Giant synapses occur in four nuclei of the auditory brainstem. They are characterized by numerous active zones concentrated on the soma of the postsynaptic neuron and by rapid postsynaptic currents. At these sites, in the ventral cochlear nucleus, the medial and lateral nucleus of the trapezoid body and the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, faithful preservation of the temporal relation of action potentials to the sound - inter­cellular precision - is of uttermost importance for neuronal function. The precision of action potential transfer is supported by the largely unimodal integration and by the homogeneity of the single postsynaptic compartment. Due to the much more rapid time constant of the synaptic currents compared to the membrane time constant, membrane capacitance dominates postsynaptic integration, enhancing precision of action potential generation. Taken together, the properties of these giant synapses reduce the temporal jitter of the transmission of information in these auditory circuits.

Giant synapses in the central auditory system

e-Neuroforum ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Felmy ◽  
T. Künzel
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Potential Generation ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Ventral Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Giant Synapses ◽  
Ventral Nucleus ◽  
Trapezoid Body

AbstractGiant synapses occur in four nuclei of the au­ditory brainstem. They are characterized by numerous active zones concentrated on the soma of the postsynaptic neuron and by rap­id postsynaptic currents. At these sites, in the ventral cochlear nucleus, the medial and lat­eral nucleus of the trapezoid body and the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, faith­ful preservation of the temporal relation of action potentials to the sound-intercellu­lar precision-is of the utmost importance for neuronal function. The precision of action potential transfer is supported by the large­ly unimodal integration and homogeneity of the single postsynaptic compartment. Due to the much more rapid time constant of the synaptic currents compared with the mem­brane time constant, membrane capacitance dominates postsynaptic integration, enhanc­ing precision of action potential generation. Taken together, the properties of these gi­ant synapses reduce the temporal jitter of the transmission of information in these audito­ry circuits.

scholarly journals Inhibitory projections from the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body to the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body in the mouse

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Albrecht ◽  
Anna Dondzillo ◽  
Florian Mayer ◽  
John A. Thompson ◽  
Achim Klug
Keyword(s):  
Medial Nucleus ◽  
Ventral Nucleus ◽  
Trapezoid Body

Multiple projections from the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body in the rat

1996 ◽  
Vol 93 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.Bruce Warr ◽  
Jo Ellen Beck
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Nucleus ◽  
Trapezoid Body

Descending Auditory Pathways and Plasticity

2018 ◽  
pp. 610-638
Author(s):  
Brett R. Schofield ◽  
Nichole L. Beebe
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Superior Olivary Complex ◽  
Descending Pathways ◽  
Auditory Pathways ◽  
System P ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Ventral Nucleus ◽  
Descending Projections ◽  
Trapezoid Body ◽  
Major Target

Descending auditory pathways originate from multiple levels of the auditory system and use a variety of neurotransmitters, including glutamate, GABA, glycine, acetylcholine, and dopamine. Targets of descending projections include cells that project to higher or lower centers, setting up circuit loops and chains that provide top-down modulation of many ascending and descending circuits in the auditory system. Descending pathways from the auditory cortex can evoke plasticity in subcortical centers. Such plasticity relies, at least in part, on brainstem cholinergic systems that are closely tied to descending cortical projections. Finally, the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body, a component of the superior olivary complex, is a major target of descending projections from the cortex and midbrain. Through its complement of different neurotransmitter phenotypes, and its wide array of projections, the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body is positioned to serve as a hub in the descending auditory system.

Cholinergic input from the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body to cochlear root neurons in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 506 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gómez-Nieto ◽  
María E. Rubio ◽  
Dolores E. López
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Nucleus ◽  
Trapezoid Body ◽  
Cochlear Root Neurons

Strain-specific differences in the development of neuronal excitability in the mouse ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body

2017 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Sinclair ◽  
Margaret Barnes-Davies ◽  
Conny Kopp-Scheinpflug ◽  
Ian D. Forsythe
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Ventral Nucleus ◽  
Trapezoid Body
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