Standard Reference Materials and Meaningful X-Ray Measurements

Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) from the National Bureau of Standards are samples or artifacts certified for one or more particular parameters. The NBS has produced SRHs since 1905 to aid commerce, to improve measurement technology and to assist in the enforcement of regulations. Today nearly 900 different SRHs are available to serve major segments of industry such as ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, mining, glass, primary chemicals, computer, nuclear power and electronics. In addition to the industrial customers, major SRM users include both federal and state governments, universities and nonprofit research organizations.

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X-Ray Powder Diffraction For Studying the Mineralogy of fly ash

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-113-75 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gregory I. McCarthy

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Powder Diffraction ◽

Reference Materials ◽

Standard Reference Materials ◽

National Bureau ◽

Fly Ashes ◽

X Ray ◽

High Calcium

ABSTRACTA brief summary of the use of x-ray powder diffraction for studying the mineralogy of fly ash is presented. Mineralogies of low-, intermediate- and high-calcium fly ashes are discussed and illustrated by results from XRD characterization of U.S. National Bureau of Standards fly ash Standard Reference Materials.

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Determination of silicon in National Institute of Standards and Technology biological Standard Reference Materials by instrumental epithermal neutron activation and x-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/ac00192a010 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 61 (17) ◽

pp. 1834-1836 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ernest S. Gladney ◽

Peter E. Neifert ◽

Nathan W. Bower

Keyword(s):

Neutron Activation ◽

Reference Materials ◽

Epithermal Neutron ◽

Standard Reference Materials ◽

Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽

X Ray ◽

Biological Standard ◽

Biological Standard Reference Materials

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The optics and alignment of the divergent-beam laboratory X-ray powder diffractometer and its calibration using NIST standard reference materials

International Tables for Crystallography ◽

10.1107/97809553602060000946 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 224-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. P. Cline ◽

M. H. Mendenhall ◽

D. Black ◽

D. Windover ◽

A. Henins

Keyword(s):

Reference Materials ◽

Standard Reference Materials ◽

Divergent Beam ◽

X Ray ◽

Powder Diffractometer

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Empirical Approaches for the Treatment of Interelement Effects

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800007734 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 75-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. F. J. Heinrich

Keyword(s):

Reference Materials ◽

Standard Reference Materials ◽

Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Absorption ◽

Empirical Approaches ◽

Empirical Algorithms

Empirical algorithms for the treatment of interelement effects in x-ray fluorescence spectrometry are reviewed. It is recommended that the effects of tertiary x-ray emission be treated separately from those of x-ray absorption, and that standard reference materials of composition close to that of the specimen be used.

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Preparation and Certification of Standard Reference Materials to be Used in the Determination of Retained Austenite in Steels

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800012398 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 137-140

Author(s):

George E. Hicho ◽

Earl E. Eaton

Keyword(s):

Reference Materials ◽

Retained Austenite ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Standard Reference Materials ◽

Face Centered Cubic ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Face Centered ◽

Materials Used ◽

Steel Hardening

In the steel hardening process, steel is heated to a temperature where a face-centered-cubic solid phase called austenite is formed. After a stabilization period, the steel is quenched into a medium which transforms the austenite into a metastable, body-centered-tetragonal solid phase called martensite. On occasion the austenite is not entirely transformed into martensite and some austenite remains. This untransformed (retained) austenite is sometimes detrimental to the finished product, and often there are requirements as to the amount of retained austenite permitted In the finished product.X-ray diffraction procedures (XRD) are normally used to determine the amount of retained austenite and this paper describes the preparation and characterization of the Standard Reference Materials used to calibrate x-ray diffraction units.

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