Electrophysiological Correlates of Ethanol Reinforcement

1991 ◽  
pp. 201-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Lukas ◽  
Jack H. Mendelson ◽  
Leslie Amass ◽  
Richard A. Benedikt ◽  
John N. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Reinforcement

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Reward-Enhancing Effects of Nicotine on Ethanol Reinforcement: A Reinforcer Demand Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott T Barrett ◽  
Brady M Thompson ◽  
Jessica R Emory ◽  
Chris E Larsen ◽  
Steven T Pittenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Ethanol Reinforcement ◽  
Nicotine Abuse ◽  
Reinforcer Demand ◽  
Reinforcement Value

Abstract Background Alcohol is often consumed with tobacco, and dependence to alcohol and tobacco are highly comorbid. In addition, there are differences in the prevalence of nicotine- and alcohol-abuse between the sexes. Nicotine produces enhancing effects on the value of other reinforcers, which may extend to alcohol. Methods Male and female Wistar rats were trained to self-administer 15% ethanol solution in 30-minute sessions. Once ethanol self-administration was established, demand for ethanol was evaluated using an exponential reinforcer demand method, in which the response cost per reinforcer delivery was systematically increased over blocks of several sessions. Within each cost condition, rats were preinjected with nicotine (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/kg base, SC) or saline 5 minutes before self-administration sessions. The effects of nicotine dose and biological sex were evaluated using the estimates generated by the reinforcer demand model. Results Under saline conditions, males showed greater sensitivity to ethanol reinforcement than females. Nicotine enhanced the reinforcement value of alcohol and this varied with sex. In both sexes, 0.4 mg/kg nicotine decreased intensity of ethanol demand. However, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg nicotine decreased elasticity of ethanol demand in females, but not in males. Conclusions Nicotine enhances ethanol reinforcement, which may partially drive comorbidity between nicotine-abuse and alcohol-abuse. Males showed signs of greater ethanol reinforcement value than females under saline conditions, and nicotine attenuated this effect by increasing ethanol reinforcement value in the females. These findings highlight that a complete understanding of alcohol-abuse must include a thorough study of alcohol use in the context of other drug use, including nicotine. Implications Nicotine dose dependently enhances the alcohol reinforcement value in a manner that is clearly influenced by biological sex. Under saline baseline conditions, males show lower elasticity of demand for alcohol reinforcement than females, indicative of greater reinforcement value. However, nicotine attenuated this difference by enhancing alcohol reward in the females. Specifically, low-to-moderate doses (0.05–0.2 mg/kg) of nicotine decreased elasticity of alcohol demand in female rats, increasing the perseverance of their alcohol taking behavior. These data indicate that the well-documented reward-enhancing effects of nicotine on sensory reinforcement extend to alcohol reinforcement and that these vary with biological sex.

The role of acetaldehyde in ethanol reinforcement assessed by Pavlovian conditioning in newborn rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 226 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samanta M. March ◽  
Paula Abate ◽  
Norman E. Spear ◽  
Juan Carlos Molina
Keyword(s):  
Pavlovian Conditioning ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Ethanol Reinforcement

Possible Substrates of Ethanol Reinforcement: GABA and Dopamine

1992 ◽  
Vol 654 (1 The Neurobiol) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. ADRON HARRIS ◽  
MARK S. BRODIE ◽  
THOMAS V. DUNWIDDIE
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Reinforcement

Infantile Sensitivity to Ethanol's Motivational Effects: Ethanol Reinforcement During the Third Postnatal Week

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1506-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Molina ◽  
Luciano Federico Ponce ◽  
Eric Truxell ◽  
Norman E. Spear
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
Ethanol Reinforcement

scholarly journals The efficacy of a low dose combination of topiramate and naltrexone on ethanol reinforcement and consumption in rat models

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine F. Moore ◽  
Omar A. Protzuk ◽  
Bankole A. Johnson ◽  
Wendy J. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Ethanol Reinforcement ◽  
Dose Combination

scholarly journals Ethanol reinforcement elicits novel response inhibition behavior in a model of ethanol dependence

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sucharita Sen Somkuwar ◽  
Leon Quach ◽  
Jacqueline Quigley ◽  
Dvijen Purohit ◽  
Chitra D. Mandyam
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Ethanol Reinforcement ◽  
Ethanol Dependence

scholarly journals Behavioral features of motivated response to alcohol in Drosophila

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Catalano ◽  
Nicholas Mei ◽  
Reza Azanchi ◽  
Sophia Song ◽  
Tyler Blackwater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Operant Learning ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Ethanol Reinforcement ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
Behavioral Features ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Physiological Reactions

AbstractAnimals avoid predators and find the best food and mates by learning from the consequences of their behavior. However, reinforcers are not always uniquely appetitive or aversive but can have complex properties. Most intoxicating substances fall within this category; provoking aversive sensory and physiological reactions while simultaneously inducing overwhelming appetitive properties. Here we describe the subtle behavioral features associated with continued seeking for alcohol despite aversive consequences. We developed an automated runway apparatus to measure how Drosophila respond to consecutive exposures of a volatilized substance. Behavior within this Behavioral Expression of Ethanol Reinforcement Runway (BEER Run) demonstrated a defined shift from aversive to appetitive responses to volatilized ethanol. Behavioral metrics attained by combining computer vision and machine learning methods, reveal that a subset of 9 classified behaviors and component behavioral features associate with this shift. We propose this combination of 9 behaviors can be used to navigate the complexities of operant learning to reveal motivated goal-seeking behavior.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document