Biomaterial Properties of Femur Implant on Acetabulum Erosion: A Review

The hip is one in every of the various joint at intervals the body. The correct operating of this joint is essential. For the aim once the hip is injured whole, a substitution procedure of the entire joint ought to be done to reinstate its operating, that is known as absolute hip surgical process. It is finished with the assistance of inserts of various biomaterials, as an example, polymers, metals, and pottery. The primary issues with regard to the utilization of various biomaterials are the reaction of the body's instrument to wear trash. Throughout this audit, biomaterials that are developing is talked regarding aboard the wear and tear and tear conduct and instrument. To boot, the numerous properties of the biomaterials are talked regarding aboard the expected preferences and drawbacks of their utilization. Further, the blends of various biomaterials at intervals the articulating surfaces are cleft and so the problems regarding their utilization are assessed. This paper hopes to passes away an in depth review of the trauma fringe of bearing surfaces of hip prosthetic devices. Additionally, this paper can offer AN ordered blueprint of the materials nearby their favorable circumstances and detriments and besides the conceivable outcomes of use. Keywords: - Hip implant; Biomaterials; Wear mechanism; Bearing surfaces; Polymers

Sol-gel Autocombustion Elaboration and Physiochemical Characterizations of Cu2+ Substituted Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles

Introduction: The copper doped cobalt ferrite series, with nominal formula CuXCo1-XFe2O4 (X = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1), has been elaborated via sol-gel autocombustion process by copper substitution procedure into cobalt ferrite framework. Methods: The five synthesized ferrites have been analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, complex impedance spectroscopy and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. Results and Discussion: The analysis of the results allowed to deduce that the cubic spinel basic structure was not modified by the incorporation of copper into the host lattice and the corresponding pure fine powders obtained formed by homogeneous nanoparticles. The highest electrical conductivity value, σDC(373K) = 27.03x10-3S.cm-1, was observed in the case of CuFe2O4. Conclusion: Moreover, the superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature has been confirmed by using both ZFC-FC and hysteresis magnetic measurement modes. In addition, the remarkable electrical conductivity and magnetic properties of the five explored nanoferrites, derived from the present investigation, enabled them useful in several modern nanotechnological and biomedical applications.

Unsteady RANS CFD Simulations of Sailboat’s Hull and Comparison with Full-Scale Test

The hydrodynamic investigation of a hull’s performance is a key aspect when designing a new prototype, especially when it comes to a competitive/racing environment. This paper purports to perform a fully nonlinear unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation to predict the motion and hydrodynamic resistance of a sailboat, thus creating a reliable tool for designing a new hull or refining the design of an existing one. A comprehensive range of speeds is explored, and results are validated with hydrodynamic full-scale tests, conducted in the towing tank facility at University of Naples Federico II, Italy. In particular, this work deals with numerical ventilation, which is a typical issue occurring when modeling a hull; a simple and effective solution is here proposed and investigated, based on the phase-interaction substitution procedure. Results of the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) campaign agree with the experimental fluid dynamic (EFD) within a 2% margin.

A Proximal Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers with a Substitution Procedure

In this paper, we considers the separable convex programming problem with linear constraints. Its objective function is the sum of m individual blocks with nonoverlapping variables and each block consists of two functions: one is smooth convex and the other one is convex. For the general case m≥3, we present a gradient-based alternating direction method of multipliers with a substitution. For the proposed algorithm, we prove its convergence via the analytic framework of contractive-type methods and derive a worst-case O1/t convergence rate in nonergodic sense. Finally, some preliminary numerical results are reported to support the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

Zespół rozsianego wykrzepiania wewnątrznaczyniowego w ostrych białaczkach – patofizjologia, obraz kliniczny, diagnostyka oraz leczenie

Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC) is a syndrome characterized by generalized intravascular activation of the coagulation system. This syndrome is not an isolated clinical syndrome, but is always secondary to other diseases. It is particularly often observed in neoplastic diseases, and in particular in haematopoietic malignancies such as acute leukemia. The risk of DIC depends on the type and subtype of acute leukemia. DIC is most often observed in the course of acute myeloid leukaemia with particular emphasis on the subtype M3 and M5 according to FAB. The basic treatment for DIC remains the treatment of the underlying disease and substitution treatment. Depending on the disease underlying the development of DIC, the substitution procedure may differ significantly. Knowledge of the pathomechanism of disorders occurring in DIC is the key to early diagnosis and rapid implementation of treatment.

Fluid substitution for thinly interbedded sand-shale sequences using the mesh method

Gassmann’s fluid substitution model is intended for a monomineralic, homogeneous porous rock, in which pore pressures induced by applied loads can equilibrate throughout the pore space. These assumptions are violated when Gassmann’s equations are applied to measurements that represent effective medium averages over subresolution layers of alternating sand and shale. The conventional procedure for treating this problem has been to first downscale; i.e., estimate the properties of the fine-scale sand and shale endmembers from the coarse-scale measurements, apply Gassmann’s fluid substitution to the sand only, and then Backus average back to the original scale. This procedure, however, is very sensitive to errors in estimated sand fraction and shale properties and becomes particularly unstable at small sand fractions. A new method for fluid substitution combines rock-physics models for dispersed and interbedded sand-shale systems, which are often approximated with Reuss or lower Hashin-Shtrikman interpolations between endmembers quartz mineral, clean sand, and shale. When expressed as P-wave compliance versus porosity, these trends become approximately linear. The Backus average of the normal incidence P-wave compliance of thinly layered mixtures of various sand-shale facies is also a linear trend with porosity. As a result, the upscaled fluid substitution change of compliance of any point within the dispersed or layered sand-shale system is approximately proportional to the fluid-substituted change of compliance of the clean sand endmember, scaled by the ratio of effective porosity to clean sand porosity. The result is a fluid substitution procedure that operates directly at the measurement scale, without the need to downscale the measurements, while still changing fluid in the sand layers only.

A Linearized Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers with Substitution Procedure

We consider the linearly constrained separable convex programming problem whose objective function is separable into m individual convex functions with non-overlapping variables. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) has been well studied in the literature for the special case m = 2, but the direct extension of ADMM for the general case m ≥ 2 is not necessarily convergent. In this paper, we propose a new linearized ADMM-based contraction type algorithms for the general case m ≥ 2. For the proposed algorithm, we prove its convergence via the analytic framework of contractive type methods and we derive a worst-case O(1/t) convergence rate in ergodic sense. Finally, numerical results are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.