Issues in Societal Risk of Hazardous Chemicals: The Use of FN Diagrams, Data Reliability and Uncertainty

1998 ◽  
pp. 101-123
Author(s):  
Palle Haastrup
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Data Reliability ◽  
Societal Risk

IMPLEMENTASIROTTERDAM CONVENTION ON THE PRIOR INFORMED CONSENT PROCEDURE FOR CERTAIN HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS AND PESTICIDES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADEBAGI PERKEMBANGAN HUKUM LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Elly Kristiani Purwendah ◽  
Elisabet Pudyastiwi
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Informed Consent Procedure ◽  
Prior Informed Consent ◽  
Consent Procedure

Konvensi ini memang tidak langsung memberikan efek yang signifikan namun dengan meratifikasi konvensi ini akan memberikan pengaruh terhadap kelangsungan ekspor bahan mentah terlebih sumber daya alam seperti bahan obat-obatan, bahan pangan dan bahan lainnya yang terkontaminasi oleh bahan kimia dan pestisida berbahaya. Ratifikasi konvensi ini akan mempersempit kemungkinan menurunnya kualitas keanekaragaman hayati yang sering dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan hidup. Selain itu adanya konvensi ini akan mencegah munculnya masalah terhadap lapangan pekerjaan bagi pihak-pihak yang terkontaminasi limbah maupun bahan kimia dan pestisida yang berbahaya seperti para petani, nelayan dan masyarakat pada umumnya. Jika ditelaah secara mendalam jumlah ekpor pada sektor pertanian setiap tahun terus mengalami penurunan, hal ini disebabkan oleh menurunya kualitas ekosistem persawahan akibat pemakaian pestisida yang berlebihan. Kata kunci : Konvensi Rotterdam, ratifikasi, hukum lingkungan. 

A Study on the Risk Criteria for Korea and Assessment Method of Societal Risk Using KORA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Min Su Seo ◽  
Young Hun Choi ◽  
Young Woo Chon ◽  
Young Woo Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Method ◽  
Risk Criteria ◽  
Societal Risk

scholarly journals Artificial Neural Network Assisted Error Correction for MLC NAND Flash Memory

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Ruiquan He ◽  
Haihua Hu ◽  
Chunru Xiong ◽  
Guojun Han
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Flash Memory ◽  
Nand Flash ◽  
Data Reliability ◽  
Nand Flash Memory ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Noise Mitigation ◽  
Memory Channel

The multilevel per cell technology and continued scaling down process technology significantly improves the storage density of NAND flash memory but also brings about a challenge in that data reliability degrades due to the serious noise. To ensure the data reliability, many noise mitigation technologies have been proposed. However, they only mitigate one of the noises of the NAND flash memory channel. In this paper, we consider all the main noises and present a novel neural network-assisted error correction (ANNAEC) scheme to increase the reliability of multi-level cell (MLC) NAND flash memory. To avoid using retention time as an input parameter of the neural network, we propose a relative log-likelihood ratio (LLR) to estimate the actual LLR. Then, we transform the bit detection into a clustering problem and propose to employ a neural network to learn the error characteristics of the NAND flash memory channel. Therefore, the trained neural network has optimized performances of bit error detection. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can significantly improve the performance of the bit error detection and increase the endurance of NAND flash memory.

scholarly journals Toxic remains: Infrastructural failure in a Ugandan molecular biology lab

2021 ◽  
pp. 030631272110115
Author(s):  
Sandra Calkins
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Biology Lab

This article complicates romances of infrastructural improvisation by describing infrastructural failures that expose researchers to hazardous chemicals in a Ugandan molecular biology lab. To meet project deadlines, to make careers and to participate in transnational collaborative projects, Ugandan biologists have to stand in for decaying or absent infrastructures with their bodies. Ugandan biologists hide such sacrifices from their international scientific partners and direct the blame elsewhere. An unclear culpability results precisely from the ways in which power works and is distributed across transnational scientific infrastructures.

scholarly journals Food contact materials: an effect-based evaluation of the presence of hazardous chemicals in paper and cardboard packaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Erica Selin ◽  
Kettil Svensson ◽  
Erik Gravenfors ◽  
Georgios Giovanoulis ◽  
Mitsura Iida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Contact Materials ◽  
Food Contact Materials ◽  
Food Contact

Ultrafast Toluidine Blue Staining for Rapid On-Site Evaluation of Cytological Smears

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-377
Author(s):  
Ekkehard Hewer ◽  
Anja M. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Nuclear Morphology ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Toluidine Blue Staining ◽  
Site Evaluation ◽  
The Rose

Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) is one of cytopathology’s “unique selling propositions.” The quality, speed, and ease of handling of the staining used is a critical factor for the efficacy of the ROSE procedure. Here, we describe a modification of rapid toluidine blue staining that can be performed within 25 s, provides excellent nuclear morphology, and is compatible with subsequent Papanicolaou staining of the slides. Furthermore, exposure to hazardous chemicals is minimized, as no organic solvents other than the alcohol-based fixative and glycerin for temporary mounting and coverslipping are required. We have used this protocol successfully in our ROSE practice and have not observed any discrepancies between toluidine blue- and permanent Papanicolaou-stained slides.

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