Synchronized Operation of Grid Power, Solar Power, and Battery for Smart Energy Management

This chapter gives details of solar photovoltaic, starting from its general pros and cons. It covers the basics of site evaluation when installing a solar powered plant and various ways to overcome the uncertainties in the predicted output of the solar arrays. The efficiency of the plant can be improved with the help of maximum power point tracker (MPPT), which works on algorithms based on perturb and observe, incremental conductance, constant voltage, etc. The output of the solar PV arrays can be utilized more effectively by integrating it with grid to supply ac loads. This integration requires a power conditioning system (PCS), enabling smooth operation. Continuity of supply can be maintained by having a battery backup, for the time when both grid and solar array fail to meet the load demand. Such a system can have wide range of applications and has the potential to meet the energy demand.

Applicability of Endobronchial Ultrasound and Virtual Bronchoscopic Navigation Combined with Rapid On-Site Evaluation in Diagnosing Peripheral Lung Lesions

Background To investigate the value of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) combined with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). Methods Between January 1st 2019 to September 1st 2021, EBUS and VBN examination were performed in 250 consecutive patients with PPLs who were admitted to Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (Fujian, China). Finally, 198 eligible patients were randomly divided into ROSE group (100 cases) and non-ROSE group (98 cases). The diagnostic yield of brushing and biopsy, the complications, the procedure time, the diagnosis time and expense during diagnosis were analyzed. Results In the ROSE group, the positive rate of EBUS brushing and biopsy were 68%, 84%, repectively. The average procedure time and diagnosis time were 18.6 ± 6.8 min, 3.84 ± 4.28 days, repectively, and the average expense was 4093.15 ± 4494.67 yuan. In the controls, the positive rate of brushing and biopsy were 44%, 74%, repectively. The average procedure time and diagnosis time were 15.4 ± 5.7 min, 6.46 ± 3.66 days, repectively. And the average expense during diagnosis was 6420.28 ± 4541.33 yuan. There was significant difference in the positive rate of EBUS brushing and biopsy, diagnosis time and expense during diagnosis between both groups. And no significant difference was observed in the complications and the procedure time. Additionally, the impact of ROSE on diagnostic yield in right upper lobe and the size of lesion ≤2 cm in diameter was significant. Conclusion In combination with ROSE, EBUS could significantly improve the positive rate of diagnosing PPLs, shorten diagnosis time and reduce expense during diagnosis. ROSE will be of great importance in the diagnosis of PPLs and medical resource.

Clinical Trial on the Usefulness of On-Site Evaluation of Canine Fetal Fluids by Reagent Test Strip in Puppies at Elective Caesarean Section

The reagent urinary test strips (TS) marketed for urines represent the first-line diagnostic tool in many instances. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of TS for the on-field evaluation of fetal fluids’ composition in newborn dogs at elective caesarean section. Of a total of 137 puppies born at term, 127 survived and 10 did not survive. One hundred and thirteen amniotic and 107 allantoic samples from surviving newborns were collected, and 8 amniotic and allantoic fluids were collected from the non-surviving newborns and assessed by strips. Significantly lower amounts of amniotic glucose and higher amounts of amniotic and allantoic nitrites, amniotic protein, allantoic urobilinogen, and amniotic bilirubin concentrations were found in non-surviving when compared to surviving newborns. In the surviving ones, higher specific gravity and bilirubin concentrations, and lower pH, were found in allantoic than in amniotic fluids. Higher amniotic and allantoic glucose concentrations, higher amniotic and allantoic pH, and lower amniotic and allantoic protein concentrations were found in medium/large- than in small-sized puppies. The TS allowed the quick evaluation of fetal fluids in puppies at birth. The differences between surviving and non-surviving puppies seem to suggest that the on-site analysis of fetal fluids’ composition by TS could represent a first-line diagnostic tool in the field of canine neonatology, allowing the quick recognition of puppies needing assistance as a complementary tool for clinical evaluation.

Desenvolvimento de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem sobre linguagem infantil para pediatras

Objetivo: desenvolver e analisar um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA) sobre a aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil voltado à orientação de médicos pediatras. Métodos: o conteúdo abordado foi delimitado considerando as dúvidas que os médicos pediatras possuíam sobre a aquisição e o desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil, e construído a partir de revisão da literatura científica. A produção do material seguiu as fases de desenvolvimento de design instrucional englobando análise e planejamento, modelagem, implementação e avaliação. Foram convidados fonoaudiólogos para participar da avaliação da qualidade do conteúdo e dos recursos tecnológicos utilizando o questionário Health-Related Web Site Evaluation Form Emory e o Questionário de Conteúdo desenvolvido pela pesquisadora. Resultados: o conteúdo contemplou as etapas de desenvolvimento da linguagem, principais características e os marcos do desenvolvimento em cada fase. O material confeccionado está disponível no endereço eletrônico http://fonoaudiologiaparapediatras.wordpress.com. Na etapa de avaliação do AVA, participaram 63 fonoaudiólogos que classificaram o blog como excelente para a qualidade e conteúdo. Conclusão: portanto, um AVA, em formato de blog, contendo informações sobre a aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem foi desenvolvido a fim de orientar médicos/pediatras desde fases típicas até alterações, prevenção, fases do desenvolvimento e possíveis encaminhamentos.

The Importance of Site Evaluation Management System on the Site Survey Phase for Constructing Nuclear Power Plant in West Kalimantan

Site survey in the potential site of the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) construction is an essential preliminary activity. Site survey has a crucial role in successful NPP construction. Several factors are contributing to a successful site evaluation. One of them is the Site Evaluation Management System (SEMS). Indonesia National Nuclear Regulatory Body (BAPETEN) had stipulated Head of BAPETEN Decree No. 4 the Year 2010, about Management System for Activities and Facilities. A site survey activity needs to adhere to the requirements in the regulation above, consisting of the management system, management’s responsibility, resources management, implementation process, monitoring, measurement, evaluation, and correction. The implementation of SEMS is conducted with the methods of a plan, do, check, and action and applied to these site survey phases: survey planning, survey implementation, survey audit, and survey review. It found that the SEMS implementation with the preliminary risk assessment significantly improves the safety of the site survey activity. The risk assessment result is categorized as follows: acceptable risk, tolerable risk, intolerable risk, and unacceptable risk. The risk assessment was conducted by following site survey activities: seismic, volcanic, meteorologic, hydrologic, geotechnical and foundation, human-induced events, and population distribution and density. It found that the implementation of SEMS with preliminary risk assessments supports the Indonesia energy security, which includes 4A: Availability (the availability of the energy kind), Accessibility (the accessibility to utilize the energy), Affordability, and Acceptability (public’s acceptance to the energy utilization). Site survey activities that meet the Availability criteria are from these aspects: seismic, volcanic, meteorologic, hydrologic, geotechnical, and foundation; while the site survey activities that meet the acceptability criteria are from these aspects: human-induced events, and population distribution and density. The implementation of SEMS has a better impact on the site survey activity when a series of risk assessments is conducted beforehand. It also found that the implementation of SEMS with preliminary risk assessments fulfills the 4A of Indonesia Energy Security: availability, accessibility, affordability, acceptability.

The impact of Juvenile Drug Treatment Courts (JDTC) implementing Federal Evidence-Based Guidelines on recidivism and substance use: multisite Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) and Regression Discontinuity (RDD) Designs

Background Juvenile drug treatment courts (JDTC) have struggled to define themselves since their inception in 1995. Early courts followed a format similar to adult drug courts, but these did not address the unique needs of juveniles, which led to the creation of 16 Strategies by a consensus panel of practitioners and researchers. But, like the first JDTCs, research with courts following these strategies failed to provide convincing evidence that this “model” was associated with significant reductions in recidivism or drug use. More recently, a new set of evidence-based guidelines were developed through meta-analyses commissioned by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP, 2016). Method OJJDP provided funding for a rigorous multi-site evaluation of the guidelines. This study protocol paper for the Juvenile Drug Treatment Court (JDTC) Guidelines Cross-Site Evaluation presents research designs for the comparison of youth outcomes from 10 JDTCs compared with 10 Traditional Juvenile Courts (TJCs) in the same jurisdictions. Two sites opted into a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and eight sites chose to follow a regression discontinuity design (RDD). Youth data are captured at baseline, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups using an interview comprised of several standardized assessments. The youths’ official records also are abstracted for recidivism and substance use information. The degree to which the evidence-based guidelines are implemented at each site is assessed via an in-depth court self-assessment collected at baseline and again 2 years later and via structured site visits conducted once during implementation. Discussion As a field-based trial, using both RCT and RDD designs, findings will provide important, policy-relevant information regarding the implementation of the OJJDP evidence-based guidelines, including the degree to which JDTCs adopted and/or modified these practices, their relative impact on recidivism and substance use, as well as the degree to which JDTCs differ from TJCs. Specific inferences may be drawn about whether following or not following specific guidelines differentially impact youth outcomes, yielding recommendations about the translation of this information from research-to-practice for potentiating the broader adoption of these guidelines by JDTCs nationwide. Clinical trials registration This was not an NIH supported trial. The funder, OJJDP/NIJ, instead required publishing the design with even more information at https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/juvenile-drug-treatment-court-jdtc-guidelines-cross-site-evaluation.

Karakterisasi Hidrogeologi Daerah Sekitar Tapak PLTN di Bengkayang, Kalimantan Barat

ABSTRAK. Evaluasi tapak merupakan tahap penting dalam penentuan lokasi calon tapak PLTN skala komersial di Indonesia. Aspek–aspek yang dikaji dalam evaluasi tapak berdasarkan peraturan yang berlaku antara lain aspek geoteknik dan aspek dispersi zat radioaktif. Untuk mendukung kajian aspek tersebut maka perlu adanya kajian karakterisasi hidrogeologi daerah sekitar tapak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan karakteristik hidrogeologi daerah sekitar tapak PLTN di Kabupaten Bengkayang, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat berdasarkan aspek geologi dan geofisika. Metode yang dilakukan adalah pemetaan geomorfologi, pemetaan geologi, pemetaan hidrogeologi, pengukuran geolistrik, serta analisis terpadu. Secara morfologi, daerah penyelidikan dibagi menjadi tiga satuan, yaitu dataran aluvial, bukit terisolasi, dan dataran pantai. Secara stratigrafi, satuan batuan yang ditemukan berurutan dari tua ke muda adalah andesit, granodiorit, diorit, endapan pasir kuarsa, endapan pantai, dan endapan aluvial. Pengukuran geofisika menggunakan metode geolistrik dilakukan pada 12 lintasan dengan masing-masing panjang lintasan 470 m dan spasi elektroda 10 m. Pada penampang geolistrik ditemukan beberapa anomali pada kompleks batuan beku yang mengalami frakturasi atau tubuh diorit yang menerobos satuan andesit. Nilai anomali ini berkisar antara 300 Ωm dan >8000 Ωm. Nilai resistivitas yang sangat rendah (<30 Ωm) diinterpretasikan sebagai endapan aluvial yang jenuh air dengan ketebalan mencapai ±100 m. Daerah penelitian dapat dibagi menjadi tiga satuan hidrogeologi; akuifer dengan aliran melalui ruang antarbutir kelulusan tinggi, akuifer dengan aliran melalui ruang antarbutir kelulusan sedang, dan akuifug setempat berarti. Secara umum pola aliran tanah bebas mengalir relatif dari SSW ke NNE.ABSTRACT. Site evaluation is an important phase of site selection for commercial-scale nuclear power plants (NPP) in Indonesia. Geotechnical and radioactive material dispersion aspects are some of the aspects which are assessed in site evaluation under provisions of laws and regulations. To support those aspect evaluations, it is necessary to conduct hydrogeological characterization in the vicinity of the NPP site. The purpose of this study is to determine the hydrogeological characteristic of the vicinity of the NPP site in Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan Province based on geological and geophysical aspects. The methods of this study consist of geomorphological mapping, geological mapping, hydrogeological mapping, geoelectric measurement, and integrated analysis. The study area consists of three morphological units: alluvial plain, isolated hills, and coastal plain. Stratigraphically, the lithology units of the study area, from the oldest to the youngest, consist of andesite, granodiorite, diorite, quartz sand deposits, coastal deposits, and alluvial deposits. The geophysical measurement used is the geoelectric method which is conducted at 12 electrode arrays with 470 m length and spacing of 10 m. In the geoelectrical section, it can be seen that several anomalies can be interpreted as the fractured body of igneous rocks or the diorite intrusion in andesite. These anomaly values are ranged from 300 Wm to >8000 Wm. The relatively low resistivity values (<30 Wm) are interpreted as water saturated-alluvial deposits that could have a thickness of ±100 m. There are three hydrogeological units in the study area: aquifers in which flow is intergranular with high permeability, aquifers in which flow is intergranular with moderate permeability, and aquifug of local importance. Generally, the groundwater in the study area flows from SSW to NNE.