Quantifying Compartment-Specific Protein Translocation in Astrocytes by Object-Oriented Image Analysis: Mitochondrial Translocation of PKCδ

2019 ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Kiavasch Mohammad Nejad Farid ◽  
Amin Derouiche
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Translocation

scholarly journals Ribosomal protein RPL26 is the principal target of UFMylation

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 1299-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Walczak ◽  
Dara E. Leto ◽  
Lichao Zhang ◽  
Celeste Riepe ◽  
Ryan Y. Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Protein Biogenesis ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Enzyme Complexes

Ubiquitin fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is a small, metazoan-specific, ubiquitin-like protein modifier that is essential for embryonic development. Although loss-of-function mutations in UFM1 conjugation are linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, neither the biological function nor the relevant cellular targets of this protein modifier are known. Here, we show that a largely uncharacterized ribosomal protein, RPL26, is the principal target of UFM1 conjugation. RPL26 UFMylation and de-UFMylation is catalyzed by enzyme complexes tethered to the cytoplasmic surface of the ER and UFMylated RPL26 is highly enriched on ER membrane-bound ribosomes and polysomes. Biochemical analysis and structural modeling establish that UFMylated RPL26 and the UFMylation machinery are in close proximity to the SEC61 translocon, suggesting that this modification plays a direct role in cotranslational protein translocation into the ER. These data suggest that UFMylation is a ribosomal modification specialized to facilitate metazoan-specific protein biogenesis at the ER.

scholarly journals Archaeal and Bacterial SecD and SecF Homologs Exhibit Striking Structural and Functional Conservation

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 1251-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Hand ◽  
Reinhard Klein ◽  
Anke Laskewitz ◽  
Mechthild Pohlschröder
Keyword(s):  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Cold Sensitivity ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Membrane Complex ◽  
Hydrophobic Membranes ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Native Host

ABSTRACT The majority of secretory proteins are translocated into and across hydrophobic membranes via the universally conserved Sec pore. Accessory proteins, including the SecDF-YajC Escherichia coli membrane complex, are required for efficient protein secretion. E. coli SecDF-YajC has been proposed to be involved in the membrane cycling of SecA, the cytoplasmic bacterial translocation ATPase, and in the stabilizing of SecG, a subunit of the Sec pore. While there are no identified archaeal homologs of either SecA or SecG, many archaea possess homologs of SecD and SecF. Here, we present the first study that addresses the function of archaeal SecD and SecF homologs. We show that the SecD and SecF components in the model archaeon Haloferax volcanii form a cytoplasmic membrane complex in the native host. Furthermore, as in E. coli, an H. volcanii ΔsecFD mutant strain exhibits both severe cold sensitivity and a Sec-specific protein translocation defect. Taken together, these results demonstrate significant functional conservation among the prokaryotic SecD and SecF homologs despite the distinct composition of their translocation machineries.

scholarly journals Automatic Case-Based Reasoning Approach for Landslide Detection: Integration of Object-Oriented Image Analysis and a Genetic Algorithm

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 4318-4342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Dou ◽  
Kuan-Tsung Chang ◽  
Shuisen Chen ◽  
Ali Yunus ◽  
Jin-King Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Case Based

Object-oriented image analysis to extract landscape elements in urban fringes, Central Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-247
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Takahashi ◽  
Noritoshi Kamagata ◽  
Keitarou Hara
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Landscape Elements

Object-Oriented Image Analysis

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Rearick
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Object Oriented
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