Temperature Effects on Photovoltaic Energy Output Under Real Conditions: Weibull Model

2019 ◽  
pp. 267-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouhamadou M. Ba ◽  
H. Ramenah ◽  
C. Tanougast ◽  
Kondo H. Adjallah
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Weibull Model ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy

scholarly journals Forecasted Changes in West Africa Photovoltaic Energy Output by 2045

Climate ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Dimitri Yikwe Buri Bazyomo ◽  
Emmanuel Agnidé Lawin ◽  
Ousmane Coulibaly ◽  
Abdoulaye Ouedraogo
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy

scholarly journals Climate Change Impact on Photovoltaic Energy Output: The Case of Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna S. Panagea ◽  
Ioannis K. Tsanis ◽  
Aristeidis G. Koutroulis ◽  
Manolis G. Grillakis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Total Radiation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy ◽  
Projected Change

Solar power is the third major renewable energy, constituting an increasingly important component of global future—low carbon—energy portfolio. Accurate climate information is essential for the conditions of solar energy production, maximization, and stable regulation and planning. Climate change impacts on energy output projections are thus of crucial importance. In this study the effect of projected changes in irradiance and temperature on the performance of photovoltaic systems in Greece is examined. Climate projections were obtained from 5 regional climate models (RCMs) under the A1B emissions scenario, for two future periods. The RCM data present systematic errors against observed values, resulting in the need of bias adjustment. The projected change in photovoltaic energy output was then estimated, considering changes in temperature and insolation. The spatiotemporal analysis indicates significant increase in mean annual temperature (up to 3.5°C) and mean total radiation (up to 5 W/m2) by 2100. The performance of photovoltaic systems exhibits a negative linear dependence on the projected temperature increase which is outweighed by the expected increase of total radiation resulting in an up to 4% increase in energy output.

Characterization of carbides in M50NiL

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
L. S. Lin ◽  
K. P. Gumz ◽  
A. V. Karg ◽  
C. C. Law
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Carbide Formation ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fee Structure ◽  
Heat Treated

Carbon and temperature effects on carbide formation in the carburized zone of M50NiL are of great importance because they can be used to control surface properties of bearings. A series of homogeneous alloys (with M50NiL as base composition) containing various levels of carbon in the range of 0.15% to 1.5% (in wt.%) and heat treated at temperatures between 650°C to 1100°C were selected for characterizations. Eleven samples were chosen for carbide characterization and chemical analysis and their identifications are listed in Table 1.Five different carbides consisting of M6C, M2C, M7C3 and M23C6 were found in all eleven samples examined as shown in Table 1. M6C carbides (with least carbon) were found to be the major carbide in low carbon alloys (<0.3% C) and their amounts decreased as the carbon content increased. In sample C (0.3% C), most particles (95%) encountered were M6C carbide with a particle sizes range between 0.05 to 0.25 um. The M6C carbide are enriched in both Mo and Fe and have a fee structure with lattice parameter a=1.105 nm (Figure 1).

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