scholarly journals Predicting Patient’s Diagnoses and Diagnostic Categories from Clinical-Events in EHR Data

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedsalim Malakouti ◽  
Milos Hauskrecht
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Clinical Events

The Psychophysiology of Anxiety and Mood Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Lang ◽  
Lisa M. McTeague ◽  
Margaret M. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Psychophysiological Reactivity ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
New Research ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. Several decades of research are reviewed, assessing patterns of psychophysiological reactivity in anxiety patients responding to a fear/threat imagery challenge. Findings show substantive differences in these measures within principal diagnostic categories, questioning the reliability and categorical specificity of current diagnostic systems. Following a new research framework (US National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], Research Domain Criteria [RDoC]; Cuthbert & Insel, 2013 ), dimensional patterns of physiological reactivity are explored in a large sample of anxiety and mood disorder patients. Patients’ responses (e.g., startle reflex, heart rate) during fear/threat imagery varied significantly with higher questionnaire measured “negative affect,” stress history, and overall life dysfunction – bio-marking disorder groups, independent of Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals (DSM). The review concludes with a description of new research, currently underway, exploring brain function indices (structure activation, circuit connectivity) as potential biological classifiers (collectively with the reflex physiology) of anxiety and mood pathology.

Effects of Observer Variation on Performance in Probabilistic Diagnosis of Jaundice

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Llndberg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Transition Matrix ◽  
Bayes Theorem ◽  
Observer Variation ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Probability Transition Matrix ◽  
Probabilistic Diagnosis

A system for probabilistic diagnosis of jaundice has been used for studying the effects of taking into account the unreliability of diagnostic data caused by observer variation. Fourteen features from history and physical examination were studied. Bayes’ theorem was used for calculating the probabilities of a patient’s belonging to each of four diagnostic categories.The construction sample consisted of 61 patients. An equal number of patients were tested in the evaluation sample. Observer variation on the fourteen features had been assessed in two previous studies. The use of kappa-statistics for measuring observer variation allowed the construction of a probability transition matrix for each feature. Diagnostic probabilities could then be calculated with and without the inclusion of weights for observer variation. Tests of system performance revealed that discriminatory power remained unchanged. However, the predictions rendered by the variation-weighted system were diffident. It is concluded that taking observer variation into account may weaken the sharpness of probabilistic diagnosis but it may also help to explain the value of probabilistic diagnosis in future applications.

Release, Aggregation and Lysis of Human Platelets by Antilymphocyte Globulin and Antiplatelet Serum

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Lekas ◽  
J. C Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Plasma Medium ◽  
Release Reaction ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
Free Media

SummaryHuman platelets labeled with 51Cr were used to determine the contribution made by platelet lysis to the platelet release reaction and platelet aggregation induced by rabbit antihuman platelet serum (APS) and equine antihuman thymocyte globulin (ATG). Platelets were tested in both plasma (PRP) and non-plasma containing media. Antibodies directed against platelets, either as APS or ATG, induced significant amounts of platelet release and aggregation, as well as some degree of lysis, in the absence of complement. The presence of complement increased platelet lysis and aggregation, but not the release reaction. Non-immune horse gamma globulin produced different responses depending upon whether platelets were investigated in PRP or non-plasma containing media. Aggregation was seen in the latter but not the former. These differences can be explained by the presence of plasma components which prevent non-specific immune complexes from causing platelet aggregation. Since platelets in vivo are always in a plasma medium, one must be wary of utilizing data from platelet studies in synthetic plasma-free media as the basis of explaining clinical events. These observations demonstrate at least two, and possibly three, different mechanisms whereby ATG could activate platelets causing thrombotic complications and thrombocytopenia, i.e., via 1) specific and, 2) non-specific non-lytic pathways and 3) a lytic pathway.

What Gives a Diagnostic Label Value? Common Use Over Informativeness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Hemmatian ◽  
Sze Yu Yu Chan ◽  
Steven A. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Causal Beliefs ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Diagnostic Labels ◽  
Diagnostic Label ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

A label’s entrenchment, its degree of use by members of a community, affects its perceived explanatory value even if the label provides no substantive information (Hemmatian & Sloman, 2018). In three experiments, we show that laypersons and mental health professionals see entrenched psychiatric and non-psychiatric diagnostic labels as better explanations than non-entrenched labels even if they are circular. Using scenarios involving experts who discuss unfamiliar diagnostic categories, we show that this preference is not due to violations of conversational norms, lack of reflectiveness or attentiveness, and the characters’ familiarity or unfamiliarity with the label. In Experiment 1, whether a label provided novel symptom information or not had no impact on lay responses, while its entrenchment enhanced ratings of explanation quality. The effect persisted in Experiment 2 for causally incoherent categories and regardless of direct provision of mechanistic information. The effect of entrenchment was partly related to induced causal beliefs about the category, even when participants were informed there is no causal relation. Most participants in both experiments did not report any effect of entrenchment and the effect was present for those who did not. In Experiment 3, mental health professionals showed the effect using diagnoses that were mere shorthands for symptoms, despite a tendency to rate all explanations as unsatisfactory. The data suggest that bringing experts’ attention to the manipulation eliminates the effect. We discuss practical implications for mental health disciplines and potential ways to mitigate the impact of entrenchment.

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