Model Types and Explanatory Styles in Cognitive Theories

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-40
Author(s):  
Simone Pinna ◽  
Marco Giunti
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Theories ◽  
Explanatory Styles

Cognitive Theories About Cognitive Theory

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 557-558
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. STERNBERG
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Cognitive Theories

Recovery in the Clubhouse Environment: Applying Ecological and Social Cognitive Theories

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Pernice-Duca ◽  
Barry Markman ◽  
Heather Chateauvert
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theories ◽  
Social Cognitive Theories

What You Hear Is Where You Are

2019 ◽  
pp. 764-787
Author(s):  
Linda-Ruth Salter
Keyword(s):  
Significant Part ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Data ◽  
Cognitive Theories ◽  
Cognitive Construct

Linda-Ruth Salter deals with the ways in which hearing contributes to the realities we create and within which we live. Discussing different cognitive theories and findings from neuroscience, she details how sensory data—specifically auditory stimuli—are processed, and how this processing activates imagination in determining who we are, how we are, and where we are. Reality, Salter argues, is a cognitive construct. Hearing plays a significant part in forming that reality—for example, by guiding our attention to certain stimuli rather than others—and it further helps us to successfully inhabit our constructed reality.

scholarly journals Explanatory Styles of Counsellors in Training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Boyer ◽  
Paul Jerry ◽  
Gwen R. Rempel ◽  
James Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Explanatory Style ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Client Outcomes ◽  
Counsellor Training ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Positive Expectancy ◽  
Explanatory Styles

AbstractExplanatory style is based on how one explains good and bad events according to three dimensions: personalization, permanence, and pervasiveness. With an optimistic explanatory style, good events are explained as personal, permanent, and pervasive, whereas bad events are explained as external, temporary, and specific. For counsellors, an optimistic explanatory style creates positive expectancy judgments about the possibilities and opportunities for successful client outcomes. In this research study, we explored the explanatory styles expressed in 400 events (200 good events and 200 bad events) extracted from 38,013 writing samples of first year and final year graduate level counsellors in training. Across the three optimism dimensions and within good and bad events, there was one occurrence of a positive relationship between counsellor training time and the amount of expressed optimism. The implications of this study include the need to cultivate optimistic explanatory styles of counsellors in training and practicing counsellors.

Situativity: a family of social cognitive theories for understanding clinical reasoning and diagnostic error

Diagnosis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerusalem Merkebu ◽  
Michael Battistone ◽  
Kevin McMains ◽  
Kathrine McOwen ◽  
Catherine Witkop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Distributed Cognition ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Diagnostic Error ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Clinical Encounters ◽  
Cognitive Theories ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Social Cognitive Theories ◽  
Physician Patient

AbstractThe diagnostic error crisis suggests a shift in how we view clinical reasoning and may be vital for transforming how we view clinical encounters. Building upon the literature, we propose clinical reasoning and error are context-specific and proceed to advance a family of theories that represent a model outlining the complex interplay of physician, patient, and environmental factors driving clinical reasoning and error. These contemporary social cognitive theories (i.e. embedded cognition, ecological psychology, situated cognition, and distributed cognition) can emphasize the dynamic interactions occurring amongst participants in particular settings. The situational determinants that contribute to diagnostic error are also explored.

The Default Network Distinguishes Construals of Proximal versus Distal Events

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2945-2955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana I. Tamir ◽  
Jason P. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Psychological Distance ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Default Network ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Cognitive Theories ◽  
Different Dimensions

Humans enjoy a singular capacity to imagine events that differ from the “here-and-now.” Recent cognitive neuroscience research has linked such simulation processes to the brain's “default network.” However, extant cognitive theories suggest that perceivers reliably simulate only relatively proximal experiences—those that seem nearby, soon, likely to happen, or relevant to a close other. Here, we test these claims by examining spontaneous engagement of the default network while perceivers consider experiencing events from proximal and distal perspectives. Across manipulations of perspective in four dimensions, two regions of the default network—medial prefrontal cortex and retrosplenial cortex—were more active for proximal than distal events, supporting cognitive accounts that perceivers only richly simulate experiences that seem immediate and that perceivers represent different dimensions of distance similarly. Moreover, stable individual differences in default activity when thinking about distal events correlated with individual variability in an implicit measure of psychological distance, suggesting that perceivers naturally vary in their tendency to simulate far-off or unlikely experiences.

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