use of portraiture to foster humanistic care

It has been said that a picture says a thousand words, that art should speak for itself. Within the social sciences, there is recognition that images are not merely illustrations, but “texts” that can be read, studied and interpreted in different ways: they are visual narratives. When we look at a work of art, we respond with our own thoughts, feelings and ideas about what it communicates. When we look at a portrait specifically, we are not just looking at a picture of an individual, we are looking at a picture of someone being looked at. It is a visual record of an interaction, as much as a likeness of the person. The artist-sitter relationship has much in common with the doctor patient relationship involving trust, attention, and an openness to ambiguity and creativity. As clinicians that are tired and feeling overwhelmed, we may objectify patients. Engaging with art can help hone our skills to consistently see the whole person. It provides freedom to sit with ambiguity and maintain curiosity and can help us become more flexible in our thinking, to hold multiple possibilities in mind at the same time. Viewing art in a group provides opportunities to understand and appreciate others’ perspectives. Drawing on multiple portraiture projects related to pediatric epilepsy, youth mental health and dementia, this presentation will provide constructive ways in which portraiture can be used to foster humanistic, patient centred care, and to understand the power of distributed cognition.

Mobile Learning Model of Tour Guide Business in Universities from the Perspective of Distributed Cognition

In order to promote the better development of tour guide business, this article takes the tour guide business teaching in colleges and universities as an example and analyzes the current situation and the effect of students’ learning in the tour guide business course through investigating and researching the current situation of ideological and political teaching of the tour guide business course. It also proposes corresponding improvement measures for the existing problems, so as to improve the ideological and political teaching effect of the tour guide business course. To this end, this study relies on the powerful functions of UMU platform and builds a hybrid mobile learning mode based on UMU platform by improving the traditional teaching method of “face to face instruction + online lecture.” Although the UMU-based blended mobile learning model is formally divided into online learning and offline activities, in the actual teaching process, there are both you and me. In the process of online learning, students can realize the convenient learning through mobile APP terminal anytime and anywhere, or they can sit comfortably at the study table through the computer; in the offline activity classroom, students can sit in the classroom of UMU and communicate with teachers face to face, or they can use their cell phones to project their check-in, opinions, test results, etc. to the big screen. In the whole UMU-based hybrid mobile learning model, there is no clear boundary between online learning and offline activities, and online and offline are integrated with each other and crossed according to the actual learning needs to maximize learning efficiency.

Does Relationship End Precede Cognitive Decline? An Analysis of the Health and Retirement Study

Relationship status is thought to be associated with cognitive health in older adults, with married persons performing better on memory assessments than unmarried-cohabitating, single, divorced, and widowed persons. However, questions remain about whether relationship termination causes cognitive decline, is a result of it, or whether they share a cause; and the mechanisms by which such a relationship might operate. To address this gap in the literature, we hypothesized that relationship termination could affect cognition via the following five pathways: (1) post-termination depression; (2) loss of distributed-cognition partner; (3) cognitive depletion from caring for partner in declining and ultimately terminal health; (4) divorce to preserve assets to qualify for Medicaid to cover healthcare for cognitive decline; and (5) post-termination changes in neuropsychiatric symptoms alongside a pre-existing neurodegenerative condition that also causes cognitive decline. Using data from the 2000–2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 23,393), we found that relationship termination, whether due to divorce or widowhood, was associated with cognitive decline. Using mixed-effects regression we found that the rate of cognitive decline increased after relationship termination (widowhood: □ = -0.587, p <0.001; divorce: □ = -0.221, p <0.001), supporting mechanism (5). Using HRS data for respondents and their spouses’ mental and physical health, health insurance, and activities of daily living, we also find support for mechanisms (1) and (3). Relationship termination is a critical juncture in a person’s life course that has multiple implications and may, ultimately, worsen patients’ conditions.

Joint creative process in translation

In this article, we explore socially distributed cognition (SDC) as a theoretical model of translation and investigate it empirically as an aspect of the collaborative and creative translation workflow. With the aim of developing a better understanding of SDC and collaborative workflows in translation, we analyzed two different settings where more than one person works on a translation: commercial specialized translation (CST) services, and the production of audio descriptions (AD) as teamwork between blind and sighted describers. The analysis focuses on how the process of co-creation unfolds in the communication that binds together the systems of SDC. While the process of co-creation was strikingly similar in the two different translation contexts, the differences were bound to channels of communication (with or without direct contact between participants), and the draft translation was identified as a central artifact that carries much of the communication when the participants do not work in the same space. With an emphasis on socially distributed cognition, our study provides a framework for both the cognitive and social aspects of translation and develops the understanding of collaborative translation processes. It also contributes to the development of translation practices by helping translation operators and trainers make choices between alternative workflows.

Willingness and Evaluation Model of College Students’ Online Learning Behavior Based on Distributed Cognition

Guided by distributed cognition theory, we analyze the influential elements of content, tools, and contextual interactions in the online learning process through research and case studies to explore the characteristics and evaluation of college students’ willingness to engage in online learning behavior under distributed cognition and provide guidance for the experience design of online education platforms. Based on distributed cognition, this paper designs a convolutional neural network model based on InceptionNet, which uses a global average pooling layer instead of a fully connected layer to reduce the number of parameters, and InceptionNet increases the depth and width of the network by branching to improve the performance of the network and avoid overfitting. Distributed cognitive theory emphasizes the distributed nature of cognition, and the intrinsic variables that influence the willingness to participate in online learning communities from a systemic viewpoint are mainly attitudes, subjective norms, expected emotions, competence, sense of relatedness, desire, and perceived behavioral control. In addition, perceived behavioral control has a direct positive effect on the willingness to participate in online learning communities.

How do inter-organisational electronic health records affect hospital physician and pharmacist decisions? A scoping review

ObjectiveTo provide an overview of the effects of inter-organisational electronic health records on inpatient diagnosis and treatment decisions by hospital physicians and pharmacists.Materials and MethodsFive-stage scoping review, using distributed cognition and the information value chain as guiding conceptual models. Eligibility criteria: empirical studies addressing how shared health records were used in inpatient clinical decision-making, published 2008-18. Sources: Healthcare Databases Advanced Search, covering nine sources including PubMed. Charting methods: data extraction form completed by one author, with inter-rater reliability assessment at title and abstract review.ResultsQuantitative studies (n=14) often reported relatively low usage of shared records (6.8% to 37.1% of cases). Usage is associated with reduction in diagnostic testing and readmission and variable effects on admissions and overall costs. Qualitative studies (n=6) reported avoidance of duplicate diagnostics, changing clinical decisions, the value of historical laboratory results and optimising the timeliness of care. We found no explicit use of explanatory theoretical models, but there is implicit evidence of an information value chain. We found only one study specifically about pharmacists.DiscussionRelatively low usage is due to clinical judgement whether “extra” data is needed, given current knowledge of the presenting condition and relative complexity. We suggest that extensive EHRs need recommender systems to highlight (sometimes unexpected) relevant content, in parallel with professional guidance on indications for consulting shared records.ConclusionsClinicians only consult shared health records when they must. Mixed effects on process outcomes are due to the hidden variables of patient complexity, clinician judgement and organisational context.